महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-30, verse-24

अलर्क उवाच ।
इयं निष्ठा बहुविधा प्रज्ञया त्वध्यवस्यति ।
तस्माद्बुद्धिं प्रति शरान्प्रतिमोक्ष्याम्यहं शितान् ॥२४॥

24. alarka uvāca ,
iyaṁ niṣṭhā bahuvidhā prajñayā tvadhyavasyati ,
tasmādbuddhiṁ prati śarānpratimokṣyāmyahaṁ śitān.

24. alarka uvāca iyam niṣṭhā bahuvidhā prajñayā tu adhyavasyati
tasmāt buddhim prati śarān pratimokṣyāmi aham śitān

24. Alarka said: 'This multi-faceted resolution (niṣṭhā) is indeed understood through wisdom (prajñā). Therefore, I will unleash sharp arrows upon the intellect (buddhi).'

Words meanings summery:

• अलर्क (alarka) - Alarka, the speaker. (O Alarka)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• इयम् (iyam) - Referring to 'niṣṭhā' (resolution). (this)

• निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - The Eye's determination or nature that Alarka is trying to overcome. (resolution, determination, conclusion, foundation)

• बहुविधा (bahuvidhā) - The resolution has many facets. (of many kinds, manifold, various)

• प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - The means by which the resolution is grasped. (by wisdom, by understanding, by intellect)

• तु (tu) - Emphatic or slight contrast. (but, indeed, however)

• अध्यवस्यति (adhyavasyati) - The resolution is understood by prajñā. (ascertains, determines, understands)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Introduces the consequence of the previous statement. (therefore, from that)

• बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - The target of Alarka's arrows. (intellect, understanding)

• प्रति (prati) - Indicating the direction or target of the arrows. (against, towards, regarding)

• शरान् (śarān) - Alarka's arrows. (arrows)

• प्रतिमोक्ष्यामि (pratimokṣyāmi) - Alarka will unleash arrows. (I will release, I will hurl)

• अहम् (aham) - Alarka. (I)

• शितान् (śitān) - Describing the arrows. (sharp, sharpened)

Words meanings and morphology

अलर्क (alarka) - Alarka, the speaker. (O Alarka)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alarka

alarka - name of a king, a dog

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active

Irregular perfect formation from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

इयम् (iyam) - Referring to 'niṣṭhā' (resolution). (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with niṣṭhā.

निष्ठा (niṣṭhā) - The Eye's determination or nature that Alarka is trying to overcome. (resolution, determination, conclusion, foundation)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of niṣṭhā

niṣṭhā - standing, establishment, completion, termination, resolution, conviction

From root sthā with prefix ni-.

Prefix: ni

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of adhyavasyati.

बहुविधा (bahuvidhā) - The resolution has many facets. (of many kinds, manifold, various)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bahuvidha

bahuvidha - of many kinds, manifold, various

Compound.

Compound type : tatpurusha (bahu+vidha)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective (masculine)
• vidha – kind, sort, manner
  noun (masculine)
  Often used as the second part of a compound meaning "of kind X".
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with niṣṭhā.

प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - The means by which the resolution is grasped. (by wisdom, by understanding, by intellect)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, understanding, discernment, intelligence

From jñā with prefix pra-.

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

तु (tu) - Emphatic or slight contrast. (but, indeed, however)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अध्यवस्यति (adhyavasyati) - The resolution is understood by prajñā. (ascertains, determines, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of adhyavasya

Present active

From root sā (to bind, finish, or go) with prefixes adhi- and ava-, meaning to determine, resolve.

Prefixes: adhi+ava

Root: sā (class 4)

Note: The subject is 'niṣṭhā'.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - Introduces the consequence of the previous statement. (therefore, from that)

(indeclinable)

Demonstrative pronoun.

बुद्धिम् (buddhim) - The target of Alarka's arrows. (intellect, understanding)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, reason

From root budh (to know).

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Object of prati (governs accusative).

प्रति (prati) - Indicating the direction or target of the arrows. (against, towards, regarding)

(indeclinable)

Preposition/postposition governing accusative.

शरान् (śarān) - Alarka's arrows. (arrows)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śara

śara - arrow, reed

Root: śṛ

Note: Object of pratimokṣyāmi.

प्रतिमोक्ष्यामि (pratimokṣyāmi) - Alarka will unleash arrows. (I will release, I will hurl)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of pratimokṣ

Future active

From root muc (to release) in future with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Subject is 'aham'.

अहम् (aham) - Alarka. (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

First person pronoun.

Note: Subject of pratimokṣyāmi.

शितान् (śitān) - Describing the arrows. (sharp, sharpened)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śita

śita - sharpened, keen, sharp, slender

Past Passive Participle

From root śo (to sharpen).

Root: śo (class 4)

Note: Agrees with śarān.