महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-30, verse-2

अलर्को नाम राजर्षिरभवत्सुमहातपाः ।
धर्मज्ञः सत्यसंधश्च महात्मा सुमहाव्रतः ॥२॥

2. alarko nāma rājarṣirabhavatsumahātapāḥ ,
dharmajñaḥ satyasaṁdhaśca mahātmā sumahāvrataḥ.

2. alarkaḥ nāma rājarṣiḥ abhavat sumahātapāḥ
dharma-jñaḥ satya-sandhaḥ ca mahātmā sumahāvrataḥ

2. alarkaḥ nāma rājarṣiḥ sumahātapāḥ dharma-jñaḥ
satya-sandhaḥ mahātmā sumahāvrataḥ ca abhavat

2. There was a royal sage named Alarka, who possessed great asceticism, was knowledgeable in natural law (dharma), truthful to his commitments, a great soul, and of very great vows.

Words meanings summery:

• अलर्कः (alarkaḥ) - Alarka (a proper name)

• नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, namely

• राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage

• अभवत् (abhavat) - was, became, existed

• सुमहातपाः (sumahātapāḥ) - of great asceticism, practicing severe penance

• धर्म-ज्ञः (dharma-jñaḥ) - knowledgeable about (dharma), righteous

• सत्य-सन्धः (satya-sandhaḥ) - true to one's vows/commitments, faithful

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• महात्मा (mahātmā) - great soul, noble person

• सुमहाव्रतः (sumahāvrataḥ) - of very great vows/commitments

Words meanings and morphology

अलर्कः (alarkaḥ) - Alarka (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of alarka

alarka - name of a king, a species of plant

नाम (nāma) - by name, indeed, namely

(indeclinable)

राजर्षिः (rājarṣiḥ) - royal sage

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājarṣi

rājarṣi - royal sage, a king who is also a sage

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+ṛṣi)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

अभवत् (abhavat) - was, became, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

imperfect tense, active voice

third person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

सुमहातपाः (sumahātapāḥ) - of great asceticism, practicing severe penance

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahātapā

sumahātapā - one of very great austerity/penance

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+mahā+tapas)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• tapas – asceticism, penance, spiritual heat
  noun (neuter)

धर्म-ज्ञः (dharma-jñaḥ) - knowledgeable about (dharma), righteous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma-jña

dharma-jña - knower of natural law, righteous, virtuous

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ
• jña – knowing, acquainted with, wise
  adjective
  Root: jñā

सत्य-सन्धः (satya-sandhaḥ) - true to one's vows/commitments, faithful

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satya-sandha

satya-sandha - true to one's promise or vow, faithful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (satya+sandha)

• satya – truth, reality, true
  noun (neuter)
• sandha – joined, bound, pledged, agreed
  adjective
  Prefix: sam
  Root: dhā

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

महात्मा (mahātmā) - great soul, noble person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, a great person

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+ātman)

• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

सुमहाव्रतः (sumahāvrataḥ) - of very great vows/commitments

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahāvrata

sumahāvrata - one with very great vows or sacred observances

Compound type : bahuvrihi (su+mahā+vrata)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
• mahā – great, mighty, large
  adjective
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)