महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-81, verse-12

श्रीरुवाच ।
किमेतद्वः क्षमं गावो यन्मां नेहाभ्यनन्दथ ।
न मां संप्रति गृह्णीथ कस्माद्वै दुर्लभां सतीम् ॥१२॥

12. śrīruvāca ,
kimetadvaḥ kṣamaṁ gāvo yanmāṁ nehābhyanandatha ,
na māṁ saṁprati gṛhṇītha kasmādvai durlabhāṁ satīm.

12. śrīḥ uvāca kim etat vaḥ kṣamam gāvaḥ yat mām na iha
abhyanandatha na mām samprati gṛhṇītha kasmāt vai durlabhām satīm

12. śrīḥ uvāca gāvaḥ etat vaḥ kṣamam kim yat iha mām na
abhyanandatha vai kasmāt samprati durlabhām satīm mām na gṛhṇītha

12. Śrī said: 'O cows, is this proper for you, that you did not welcome me here? Why indeed do you not accept me now, me who am rare and truly existing (satī)?'

Words meanings summery:

• श्रीः (śrīḥ) - Śrī (the goddess of prosperity), splendor

• उवाच (uvāca) - she said

• किम् (kim) - what?, is it? (interrogative particle)

• एतत् (etat) - this

• वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), for you

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable, proper, acceptable, fit

• गावः (gāvaḥ) - O cows

• यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), because

• माम् (mām) - me

• न (na) - not

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

• अभ्यनन्दथ (abhyanandatha) - you welcomed, you rejoiced at

• न (na) - not

• माम् (mām) - me

• सम्प्रति (samprati) - now, at present, suitably

• गृह्णीथ (gṛhṇītha) - you accept, you take

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why? from what (cause)?

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly

• दुर्लभाम् (durlabhām) - difficult to obtain, rare

• सतीम् (satīm) - being, existing, virtuous, truly existing

Words meanings and morphology

श्रीः (śrīḥ) - Śrī (the goddess of prosperity), splendor

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śrī

śrī - splendor, prosperity, wealth, goddess Lakṣmī

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - she said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense form (lit) of the root vac, with reduplication and vṛddhi.

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - what?, is it? (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'to be'.

वः (vaḥ) - to you (plural), for you

(pronoun)

Dative, plural of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural)

Note: Possessive or dative of interest.

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - suitable, proper, acceptable, fit

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - capable, fit, suitable, proper, patient, forbearance

Root: kṣam (class 1)

Note: Predicative adjective, agrees with etat.

गावः (gāvaḥ) - O cows

(noun)

Vocative, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, bull, earth, ray of light

यत् (yat) - that (conjunction), because

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of abhyanandatha.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

इह (iha) - here, in this world, in this matter

(indeclinable)

अभ्यनन्दथ (abhyanandatha) - you welcomed, you rejoiced at

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperfect (laṅ) of nand

Imperfect tense 2nd plural active voice of the root nand with prefix abhi-ā.

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: nand (class 1)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Object of gṛhṇītha.

सम्प्रति (samprati) - now, at present, suitably

(indeclinable)

गृह्णीथ (gṛhṇītha) - you accept, you take

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, present (lat) of grah

Present tense 2nd plural active voice of the root grah.

Root: grah (class 9)

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - why? from what (cause)?

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of kim

kim - what, who, which

वै (vai) - indeed, truly

(indeclinable)

दुर्लभाम् (durlabhām) - difficult to obtain, rare

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of durlabhā

durlabha - difficult to obtain, rare, scarce

From dur-labh (difficult to obtain).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+labha)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill
  prefix
• labha – obtaining, acquisition, gain
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Derived Noun
  From root labh (to obtain).
  Root: labh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with mām and satīm.

सतीम् (satīm) - being, existing, virtuous, truly existing

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of satī

satī - being, existing, virtuous woman, faithful wife, real, true

Present Active Participle

Feminine form of sat (from as 'to be').

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with mām and durlabhām.