महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-7, verse-7

यो दद्यादपरिक्लिष्टमन्नमध्वनि वर्तते ।
श्रान्तायादृष्टपूर्वाय तस्य पुण्यफलं महत् ॥७॥

7. yo dadyādaparikliṣṭamannamadhvani vartate ,
śrāntāyādṛṣṭapūrvāya tasya puṇyaphalaṁ mahat.

7. yaḥ dadyāt aparikliṣṭam annam adhvani vartate
śrāntāya adṛṣṭapūrvāya tasya puṇyaphalam mahat

7. yaḥ śrāntāya adṛṣṭapūrvāya adhvani vartate
aparikliṣṭam annam dadyāt tasya mahat puṇyaphalam

7. Whoever offers unblemished food to a weary stranger traveling on the road, great is the meritorious fruit for that person.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should offer (one should give/offer, may one give/offer)

• अपरिक्लिष्टम् (aparikliṣṭam) - unblemished (food) (untainted, unblemished, pure)

• अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, sustenance)

• अध्वनि (adhvani) - on the road (traveling) (on the road, in the path, in travel)

• वर्तते (vartate) - is traveling, exists (on the road) (exists, proceeds, happens, is, travels)

• श्रान्ताय (śrāntāya) - to a weary (traveler) (to the weary one, to the tired one)

• अदृष्टपूर्वाय (adṛṣṭapūrvāya) - to one not seen before (a stranger) (to one not seen before)

• तस्य (tasya) - for that person (his, for him, of him)

• पुण्यफलम् (puṇyaphalam) - meritorious fruit (fruit of merit, reward for good deeds)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

Note: Relative pronoun, nominative singular masculine.

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - one should offer (one should give/offer, may one give/offer)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of dā

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada

3rd person singular, Optative mood, Parasmaipada

Root: dā (class 3)

अपरिक्लिष्टम् (aparikliṣṭam) - unblemished (food) (untainted, unblemished, pure)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of aparikliṣṭa

aparikliṣṭa - unblemished, untainted, pure, not distressed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from 'kliś' (to distress) with 'a' (negation) and 'pari' (around).

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+parikliṣṭa)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• parikliṣṭa – distressed, afflicted, tainted
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from 'kliś' (to distress) with 'pari' (around).
  Prefix: pari
  Root: kliś (class 4)

Note: Qualifies annam.

अन्नम् (annam) - food (food, sustenance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of anna

anna - food, rice, meal

Root: ad (class 2)

Note: Object of dadyāt.

अध्वनि (adhvani) - on the road (traveling) (on the road, in the path, in travel)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of adhvan

adhvan - road, path, journey, travel

Note: Indicates location or circumstance.

वर्तते (vartate) - is traveling, exists (on the road) (exists, proceeds, happens, is, travels)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Present Tense, Ātmanepada

3rd person singular, Present indicative, Ātmanepada

Root: vṛt (class 1)

श्रान्ताय (śrāntāya) - to a weary (traveler) (to the weary one, to the tired one)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of śrānta

śrānta - tired, weary, exhausted

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of śram (to be weary).

Root: śram (class 4)

Note: Dative singular masculine, recipient of food.

अदृष्टपूर्वाय (adṛṣṭapūrvāya) - to one not seen before (a stranger) (to one not seen before)

(adjective)

Dative, masculine, singular of adṛṣṭapūrva

adṛṣṭapūrva - not seen before, unprecedented

Compound type : tatpurusha (a+dṛṣṭapūrva)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• dṛṣṭapūrva – seen before
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of dṛṣṭa (seen, PPP of dṛś) and pūrva (before).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Dative singular masculine, qualifies the recipient.

तस्य (tasya) - for that person (his, for him, of him)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, it, he, she

Note: Possessive, refers to the giver.

पुण्यफलम् (puṇyaphalam) - meritorious fruit (fruit of merit, reward for good deeds)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṇyaphala

puṇyaphala - fruit of merit, reward of virtue, auspicious result

Compound type : tatpurusha (puṇya+phala)

• puṇya – merit, virtue, good deed, sacred
  noun (neuter)
• phala – fruit, result, consequence, reward
  noun (neuter)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'is'.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, important

Note: Qualifies puṇyaphalam.