महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-7, verse-18

सलिलाशी भवेद्यश्च सदाग्निः संस्कृतो द्विजः ।
मरुं साधयतो राज्यं नाकपृष्ठमनाशके ॥१८॥

18. salilāśī bhavedyaśca sadāgniḥ saṁskṛto dvijaḥ ,
maruṁ sādhayato rājyaṁ nākapṛṣṭhamanāśake.

18. salilāśī bhavet yaḥ ca sadāgniḥ saṃskṛtaḥ dvijaḥ
marum sādhayataḥ rājyam nākapṛṣṭham anāśake

18. yaḥ ca saṃskṛtaḥ dvijaḥ salilāśī sadāgniḥ bhavet
marum sādhayataḥ anāśake rājyam nākapṛṣṭham

18. Whosoever is a purified twice-born (dvija), subsisting on water and constantly maintaining the sacred fire. And for one who conquers the wilderness (maru), a kingdom and the heavenly abode (nākapṛṣṭham) are attained through fasting (anāśake).

Words meanings summery:

• सलिलाशी (salilāśī) - one who subsists on water

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, becomes

• यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

• च (ca) - and

• सदाग्निः (sadāgniḥ) - one who always maintains the sacred fire

• संस्कृतः (saṁskṛtaḥ) - purified, consecrated, refined

• द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born, a Brahmin (dvija)

• मरुम् (marum) - desert, wilderness

• साधयतः (sādhayataḥ) - of one who accomplishes, conquers, achieves

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, dominion

• नाकपृष्ठम् (nākapṛṣṭham) - surface of heaven, heavenly abode

• अनाशके (anāśake) - by fasting, in a fast

Words meanings and morphology

सलिलाशी (salilāśī) - one who subsists on water

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of salilāśin

salilāśin - one who lives on water; a fish

Compound type : bahuvrihi (salila+aśin)

• salila – water
  noun (neuter)
• aśin – eating, consuming
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root AŚ with suffix -in
  Root: aś (class 9)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, should be, becomes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

यः (yaḥ) - who, whoever

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सदाग्निः (sadāgniḥ) - one who always maintains the sacred fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sadāgni

sadāgni - having a perpetual sacred fire, always having fire

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sadā+agni)

• sadā – always, perpetually
  indeclinable
• agni – fire; sacrificial fire
  noun (masculine)

संस्कृतः (saṁskṛtaḥ) - purified, consecrated, refined

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃskṛta

saṁskṛta - purified, consecrated, cultured, well-formed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root KṚ with prefix SAM and suffix -ta

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

द्विजः (dvijaḥ) - twice-born, a Brahmin (dvija)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (referring to a Brahmin, a member of the three upper varṇas, a bird, or a tooth)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffix -ja from root JAN
  Root: jan (class 4)

मरुम् (marum) - desert, wilderness

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maru

maru - desert, wilderness, sandy waste

साधयतः (sādhayataḥ) - of one who accomplishes, conquers, achieves

(participle)

Genitive, masculine, singular of sādhayat

sādhayat - accomplishing, achieving, conquering

Present Active Participle

Causative stem SĀDHAY- of root SĀDH, with suffix -at

Root: sādh (class 5)

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom, dominion

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, sovereignty, royalty

नाकपृष्ठम् (nākapṛṣṭham) - surface of heaven, heavenly abode

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nākapṛṣṭha

nākapṛṣṭha - the surface of heaven, heaven

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nāka+pṛṣṭha)

• nāka – heaven, sky
  noun (neuter)
• pṛṣṭha – back, surface, top
  noun (neuter)

अनाशके (anāśake) - by fasting, in a fast

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of anāśaka

anāśaka - not eating, fasting, abstinence from food

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (an+āśaka)

• an – not
  indeclinable
• āśaka – eating, eater
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root AŚ with suffix -aka
  Root: aś (class 9)