महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-7, verse-17

गवाढ्यः शाकदीक्षायां स्वर्गगामी तृणाशनः ।
स्त्रियस्त्रिषवणं स्नात्वा वायुं पीत्वा क्रतुं लभेत् ॥१७॥

17. gavāḍhyaḥ śākadīkṣāyāṁ svargagāmī tṛṇāśanaḥ ,
striyastriṣavaṇaṁ snātvā vāyuṁ pītvā kratuṁ labhet.

17. gavāḍhyaḥ śākadīkṣāyām svargagāmī tṛṇāśanaḥ
striyaḥ triṣavaṇam snātvā vāyum pītvā kratum labhet

17. śākadīkṣāyām gavāḍhyaḥ tṛṇāśanaḥ svargagāmī
striyaḥ triṣavaṇam snātvā vāyum pītvā kratum labhet

17. One becomes rich in cows through a vow of consuming vegetables. One who subsists on grass (or herbs) goes to heaven (svarga). Women, by bathing three times a day and drinking air, may attain the merit of a Vedic ritual (kratu).

Words meanings summery:

• गवाढ्यः (gavāḍhyaḥ) - rich in cows, possessing many cows

• शाकदीक्षायाम् (śākadīkṣāyām) - in a vow of vegetables, by a vow of eating vegetables

• स्वर्गगामी (svargagāmī) - going to heaven, destined for heaven

• तृणाशनः (tṛṇāśanaḥ) - one who eats grass/herbs, grass-eater

• स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

• त्रिषवणम् (triṣavaṇam) - three times a day (for bathing) (three times a day, at the three daily purifications (morn, noon, eve))

• स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed

• वायुम् (vāyum) - air, wind

• पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk

• क्रतुम् (kratum) - merit of a Vedic ritual (Vedic ritual, sacrifice, power, intelligence)

• लभेत् (labhet) - one may obtain, one should obtain

Words meanings and morphology

गवाढ्यः (gavāḍhyaḥ) - rich in cows, possessing many cows

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gavāḍhya

gavāḍhya - rich in cows, abounding in cattle

Compound of go (cow) and āḍhya (rich).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (go+āḍhya)

• go – cow, ox, cattle, ray of light
  noun (masculine/feminine)
• āḍhya – rich, wealthy, abundant, prosperous
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Subject.

शाकदीक्षायाम् (śākadīkṣāyām) - in a vow of vegetables, by a vow of eating vegetables

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of śākadīkṣā

śākadīkṣā - vow of eating vegetables, initiation for consuming vegetables

Compound of śāka (vegetable) and dīkṣā (vow, initiation).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śāka+dīkṣā)

• śāka – vegetable, herb, pot-herb
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• dīkṣā – initiation, consecration, solemn vow, religious observance
  noun (feminine)
  From root dīkṣ (to consecrate).
  Root: dīkṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or condition.

स्वर्गगामी (svargagāmī) - going to heaven, destined for heaven

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svargagāmin

svargagāmin - going to heaven, obtaining heaven, celestial traveler

agent noun/adjective

Compound of svarga (heaven) and gāmin (going).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svarga+gāmin)

• svarga – heaven, celestial abode
  noun (masculine)
  Root: gam (class 1)
• gāmin – going, moving, leading to, obtaining
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun/Adjective
  From root gam (to go) + -in suffix.
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject.

तृणाशनः (tṛṇāśanaḥ) - one who eats grass/herbs, grass-eater

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tṛṇāśana

tṛṇāśana - one who eats grass/herbs, subsisting on grass/herbs

agent noun/adjective

Compound of tṛṇa (grass) and āśana (eating).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tṛṇa+āśana)

• tṛṇa – grass, straw, blade of grass
  noun (neuter)
• āśana – eating, food, act of eating
  noun (neuter)
  From root aś (to eat) + -ana suffix.
  Root: aś (class 9)

Note: Subject.

स्त्रियः (striyaḥ) - women

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

Note: Subject.

त्रिषवणम् (triṣavaṇam) - three times a day (for bathing) (three times a day, at the three daily purifications (morn, noon, eve))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of triṣavaṇa

triṣavaṇa - three times a day (especially for bathing), thrice-daily purification

Compound of tri (three) and savaṇa (bathing, purification, pressing of soma).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tri+savaṇa)

• tri – three
  numeral
• savaṇa – bathing, purification, pressing (of soma)
  noun (neuter)
  From root su (to press, to generate, to purify).
  Root: su (class 5)

Note: Used adverbially for duration/frequency.

स्नात्वा (snātvā) - having bathed

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root snā (to bathe), suffix -tvā.

Root: snā (class 2)

Note: Absolutive form.

वायुम् (vāyum) - air, wind

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - wind, air, god of wind (Vāyu)

From root vā (to blow).

Root: vā (class 2)

Note: Object of 'pītvā'.

पीत्वा (pītvā) - having drunk

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root pā (to drink), suffix -tvā.

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Absolutive form.

क्रतुम् (kratum) - merit of a Vedic ritual (Vedic ritual, sacrifice, power, intelligence)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kratu

kratu - Vedic ritual, sacrifice, power, strength, intelligence, inspiration

From root kṛ (to do, make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of 'labhet'.

लभेत् (labhet) - one may obtain, one should obtain

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of labh

Optative Mood, Third Person Singular, Active Voice

From root labh (to obtain), Class 1, Active Voice.

Root: labh (class 1)