महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-43, verse-5

ये च ते पुरुषा विप्र अक्षैर्दीव्यन्ति हृष्टवत् ।
ऋतूंस्तानभिजानीहि ते ते जानन्ति दुष्कृतम् ॥५॥

5. ye ca te puruṣā vipra akṣairdīvyanti hṛṣṭavat ,
ṛtūṁstānabhijānīhi te te jānanti duṣkṛtam.

5. ye ca te puruṣāḥ vipra akṣaiḥ dīvyanti hṛṣṭavat
ṛtūn tān abhijānīhi te te jānanti duṣkṛtam

5. ye ca te puruṣāḥ vipra akṣaiḥ dīvyanti hṛṣṭavat
ṛtūn tān abhijānīhi te te jānanti duṣkṛtam

5. And O brahmin, those persons who play with dice joyfully, know them to be the seasons. They (the seasons) know your misdeeds (karma).

Words meanings summery:

• ये (ye) - who (relative pronoun, masculine plural)

• च (ca) - and

• ते (te) - those

• पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - persons, men (puruṣa)

• विप्र (vipra) - O brahmin, O inspired one

• अक्षैः (akṣaiḥ) - with dice

• दीव्यन्ति (dīvyanti) - they play, they gamble

• हृष्टवत् (hṛṣṭavat) - joyfully, as if happy

• ऋतून् (ṛtūn) - the seasons

• तान् (tān) - them (masculine plural)

• अभिजानीहि (abhijānīhi) - know them well! (imperative)

• ते (te) - those (masculine plural)

• ते (te) - your, to you

• जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeed, bad action, misfortune (karma)

Words meanings and morphology

ये (ye) - who (relative pronoun, masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - those

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

पुरुषाः (puruṣāḥ) - persons, men (puruṣa)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - person, man, spiritual being (puruṣa)

विप्र (vipra) - O brahmin, O inspired one

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - brahmin, inspired, wise

अक्षैः (akṣaiḥ) - with dice

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of akṣa

akṣa - die (for gambling), axle, eye

दीव्यन्ति (dīvyanti) - they play, they gamble

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of √div

Root: div (class 4)

हृष्टवत् (hṛṣṭavat) - joyfully, as if happy

(indeclinable)

Past Passive Participle

Derived with the suffix -vat for manner, from the past passive participle hṛṣṭa

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

ऋतून् (ṛtūn) - the seasons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of ṛtu

ṛtu - season, fixed time

तान् (tān) - them (masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, them

अभिजानीहि (abhijānīhi) - know them well! (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of √jñā

Prefix: abhi

Root: jñā (class 9)

ते (te) - those (masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

singular of tvad

tvad - you, your

जानन्ति (jānanti) - they know

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of √jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeed, bad action, misfortune (karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - misdeed, bad action, misfortune

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'dus' (bad) and the root 'kṛ' (to do)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, deed
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: kṛ (class 8)