महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-43, verse-10

तत्त्वया मम यत्कर्म व्यभिचाराद्भयात्मकम् ।
नाख्यातमिति जानन्तस्ते त्वामाहुस्तथा द्विज ॥१०॥

10. tattvayā mama yatkarma vyabhicārādbhayātmakam ,
nākhyātamiti jānantaste tvāmāhustathā dvija.

10. tat tvayā mama yat karma vyabhicārāt bhayātmakam
na ākhyātam iti jānantaḥ te tvām āhuḥ tathā dvija

10. tat dvija,
te (mama vyabhicārāt bhayātmakam yat karma tvayā na ākhyātam) iti jānantaḥ tathā tvām āhuḥ

10. Therefore, O twice-born (dvija), knowing that my deed (karma), which was inherently fearful due to a transgression, was not reported by you, they spoke to you thus.

Words meanings summery:

• तत् (tat) - therefore (that, therefore)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

• यत् (yat) - which (which, that)

• कर्म (karma) - deed (action, deed)

• व्यभिचारात् (vyabhicārāt) - due to transgression (from transgression, due to deviation)

• भयात्मकम् (bhayātmakam) - inherently fearful (fearful, having the nature of fear)

• न (na) - not

• आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - reported (reported, told, described)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking quotation) (thus, so, (quotation marker))

• जानन्तः (jānantaḥ) - knowing (knowing, perceiving)

• ते (te) - they (they (nominative plural))

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative singular))

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they spoke (they said, they spoke)

• तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

• द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born (O twice-born (Brahmin))

Words meanings and morphology

तत् (tat) - therefore (that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as an introductory particle meaning 'therefore' or 'so'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of the passive verb 'nākhyātam'.

मम (mama) - my (my, of me)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Possessive, modifies 'karma'.

यत् (yat) - which (which, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Connects 'mama' to 'karma'.

कर्म (karma) - deed (action, deed)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, effect, religious act

From root kṛ (to do) + man pratyaya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of the clause 'yat karma ... na ākhyātam'.

व्यभिचारात् (vyabhicārāt) - due to transgression (from transgression, due to deviation)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of vyabhicāra

vyabhicāra - transgression, deviation, unfaithfulness, going astray

From vi-abhi-car (to go astray).

Prefixes: vi+abhi

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Expresses the reason for the deed being 'bhayātmakam'.

भयात्मकम् (bhayātmakam) - inherently fearful (fearful, having the nature of fear)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhayātmaka

bhayātmaka - fearful, terrible, causing fear, consisting of fear

Compound of 'bhaya' (fear) and 'ātmaka' (having the nature of).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhaya+ātmaka)

• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  From root bhī (to fear).
  Root: bhī (class 3)
• ātmaka – consisting of, relating to, having the nature of
  adjective (masculine)
  From ātman + ka suffix.

Note: Qualifies 'karma'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negation particle.

Note: Negates 'ākhyātam'.

आख्यातम् (ākhyātam) - reported (reported, told, described)

(participle)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ā-khyāta

ā-khyāta - told, reported, spoken, named

Past Passive Participle

From upasarga ā- + root khyā (to tell) + kta pratyaya.

Prefix: ā

Root: khyā (class 2)

Note: Agreement with 'karma'.

इति (iti) - thus (marking quotation) (thus, so, (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

Note: Follows the quoted thought.

जानन्तः (jānantaḥ) - knowing (knowing, perceiving)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jānat

jānat - knowing, understanding

Present Active Participle

From root jñā (to know) + śatṛ pratyaya.

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Describes the state or action of 'te'.

ते (te) - they (they (nominative plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Subject of 'āhuḥ'.

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (you (accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Object of 'āhuḥ'.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they spoke (they said, they spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of ā-ah

Perfect tense, 3rd person plural.

From root ah (to say) with upasarga ā-. Vedic Perfect form, often used as present.

Prefix: ā

Root: ah (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

Correlative of 'yathā'.

द्विज (dvija) - O twice-born (O twice-born (Brahmin))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvija

dvija - twice-born (Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya), bird, tooth

Compound of dvi (two) and ja (born).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two
  numeral
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine)
  From root jan (to be born) + ḍa pratyaya.
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Addressed to the listener/reader.