महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-43, verse-4

देवशर्मोवाच ।
यद्वै तन्मिथुनं ब्रह्मन्नहोरात्रं हि विद्धि तत् ।
चक्रवत्परिवर्तेत तत्ते जानाति दुष्कृतम् ॥४॥

4. devaśarmovāca ,
yadvai tanmithunaṁ brahmannahorātraṁ hi viddhi tat ,
cakravatparivarteta tatte jānāti duṣkṛtam.

4. devaśarman uvāca yat vai tat mithunam brahman ahorātram
hi viddhi tat cakravat parivarteta tat te jānāti duṣkṛtam

4. devaśarman uvāca yat vai tat mithunam brahman ahorātram
hi viddhi tat cakravat parivarteta tat te jānāti duṣkṛtam

4. Devasharman said: "O brahmin, know that the pair is indeed day and night; it revolves like a wheel, and that (cycle) knows your misdeeds (karma)."

Words meanings summery:

• देवशर्मन् (devaśarman) - Devasharman (a proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यत् (yat) - that, which

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily (particle)

• तत् (tat) - that

• मिथुनम् (mithunam) - pair, couple

• ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O brahmin

• अहोरात्रम् (ahorātram) - day and night

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know! (imperative)

• तत् (tat) - that

• चक्रवत् (cakravat) - like a wheel

• परिवर्तेत (parivarteta) - it should revolve, it revolves

• तत् (tat) - that

• ते (te) - your, to you

• जानाति (jānāti) - it knows

• दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeed, bad action, misfortune (karma)

Words meanings and morphology

देवशर्मन् (devaśarman) - Devasharman (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of devaśarman

devaśarman - Devasharman (a proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - that, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

वै (vai) - indeed, verily (particle)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

मिथुनम् (mithunam) - pair, couple

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mithuna

mithuna - pair, couple

ब्रह्मन् (brahman) - O brahmin

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of brahman

brahman - Brahma, the Absolute, a brahmin (brahman)

अहोरात्रम् (ahorātram) - day and night

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ahorātra

ahorātra - day and night

Compound type : dvandva (ahan+rātri)

• ahan – day
  noun (neuter)
• rātri – night
  noun (feminine)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know! (imperative)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (lot) of √vid

Root: vid (class 2)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

चक्रवत् (cakravat) - like a wheel

(indeclinable)

Derived with the suffix -vat for similarity

परिवर्तेत (parivarteta) - it should revolve, it revolves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of √vṛt

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛt (class 1)

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

singular of tvad

tvad - you, your

जानाति (jānāti) - it knows

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of √jñā

Root: jñā (class 9)

दुष्कृतम् (duṣkṛtam) - misdeed, bad action, misfortune (karma)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duṣkṛta

duṣkṛta - misdeed, bad action, misfortune

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'dus' (bad) and the root 'kṛ' (to do)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dus+kṛta)

• dus – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
• kṛta – done, made, deed
  adjective/noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Root: kṛ (class 8)