महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-154, verse-4

क्षणेन प्रेक्षतां तेषां विशल्यः सोऽभवत्तदा ।
तं दृष्ट्वा विस्मिताः सर्वे वासुदेवपुरोगमाः ।
सह तैर्मुनिभिः सर्वैस्तदा व्यासादिभिर्नृप ॥४॥

4. kṣaṇena prekṣatāṁ teṣāṁ viśalyaḥ so'bhavattadā ,
taṁ dṛṣṭvā vismitāḥ sarve vāsudevapurogamāḥ ,
saha tairmunibhiḥ sarvaistadā vyāsādibhirnṛpa.

4. kṣaṇena prekṣatām teṣām viśalyaḥ saḥ
abhavat tadā tam dṛṣṭvā vismitāḥ
sarve vāsudevapurógamāḥ saha taiḥ
munibhiḥ sarvaiḥ tadā vyāsādibhiḥ nṛpa

4. kṣaṇena teṣām prekṣatām saḥ viśalyaḥ tadā abhavat.
nṛpa,
tam dṛṣṭvā vāsudevapurógamāḥ sarve saha taiḥ sarvaiḥ vyāsādibhiḥ munibhiḥ tadā vismitāḥ (abhavan).

4. In a moment, while they watched, he (Bhishma) then became free of arrows. O King, having witnessed this, all those present, led by Vasudeva (Krishna), along with all the sages (muni) such as Vyasa and others, were astonished.

Words meanings summery:

• क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a single moment (in a moment, instantly, quickly)

• प्रेक्षताम् (prekṣatām) - of those who were watching (the event) (of those looking, of those watching)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the assembled spectators) (of them)

• विशल्यः (viśalyaḥ) - free of arrows (from his body) (free from darts/arrows, free from pain/misfortune)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bhishma) (he, that)

• अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (free of arrows) (he/she/it became, was)

• तदा (tadā) - then (at that specific moment) (then, at that time)

• तम् (tam) - him (Bhishma) (him, that)

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having witnessed this (marvel) (having seen, after seeing)

• विस्मिताः (vismitāḥ) - were astonished (by the sight) (amazed, astonished, surprised)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them, the assembled people) (all, every)

• वासुदेवपुर्óगमाः (vāsudevapurógamāḥ) - all those present, with Vasudeva (Krishna) at their head (having Vasudeva (Krishna) as the leader, led by Vasudeva)

• सह (saha) - along with (with, along with)

• तैः (taiḥ) - with those (sages) (by them, with them)

• मुनिभिः (munibhiḥ) - along with the sages (muni) (by the sages, with the sages)

• सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - along with all (those sages) (by all, with all)

• तदा (tadā) - then (at that moment of astonishment) (then, at that time)

• व्यासादिभिः (vyāsādibhiḥ) - with Vyasa and other prominent sages (by Vyasa and others, with Vyasa and so on)

• नृप (nṛpa) - O King (Janamejaya, addressed by Vaiśampāyana) (O King)

Words meanings and morphology

क्षणेन (kṣaṇena) - in a single moment (in a moment, instantly, quickly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kṣaṇa

kṣaṇa - a moment, an instant, a twinkling of an eye

Note: Used adverbially to denote time ('in a moment').

प्रेक्षताम् (prekṣatām) - of those who were watching (the event) (of those looking, of those watching)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of prekṣat

prekṣat - looking, seeing, watching, beholding

Present Active Participle

Derived from root īkṣ (to see) with prefix pra- and present participle suffix

Prefix: pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally as a substantive, agreeing with 'teṣām'.

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them (the assembled spectators) (of them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the assembled great souls and others.

विशल्यः (viśalyaḥ) - free of arrows (from his body) (free from darts/arrows, free from pain/misfortune)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśalya

viśalya - free from darts or arrows; free from pain or trouble

Compound: vi (without) + śalya (dart/arrow)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vi+śalya)

• vi – without, apart, away; a negative or privative prefix
  indeclinable
• śalya – dart, arrow; thorn, foreign body; pain, anguish
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'saḥ'.

सः (saḥ) - he (Bhishma) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अभवत् (abhavat) - he became (free of arrows) (he/she/it became, was)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of bhū

Imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Derived from root bhū (1st class, bhū group) with augment 'a-'

Root: bhū (class 1)

तदा (tadā) - then (at that specific moment) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - him (Bhishma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having witnessed this (marvel) (having seen, after seeing)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root dṛś (1st class, bhū group) + suffix -tvā

Root: dṛś (class 1)

विस्मिताः (vismitāḥ) - were astonished (by the sight) (amazed, astonished, surprised)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vismita

vismita - amazed, astonished, surprised, wondering

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root smi (to wonder, be astonished) with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sarve' and 'vāsudevapurógamāḥ'.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (of them, the assembled people) (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Refers to the assembled people.

वासुदेवपुर्óगमाः (vāsudevapurógamāḥ) - all those present, with Vasudeva (Krishna) at their head (having Vasudeva (Krishna) as the leader, led by Vasudeva)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vāsudevapurógama

vāsudevapurógama - having Vasudeva at the front; led by Vasudeva (Krishna)

Bahuvrīhi compound: Vāsudeva (Krishna) + puró-gama (going before, leader)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vāsudeva+puró-gama)

• vāsudeva – son of Vasudeva, Krishna (a proper noun for Krishna)
  proper noun (masculine)
• puró-gama – going before, leader, chief, forerunner
  adjective (masculine)
  Compound of puras (before) + gama (going from root gam)
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Refers to the main group of spectators, with Krishna as their leader.

सह (saha) - along with (with, along with)

(indeclinable)

Note: Governs the instrumental case.

तैः (taiḥ) - with those (sages) (by them, with them)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the sages mentioned in 'munibhiḥ'.

मुनिभिः (munibhiḥ) - along with the sages (muni) (by the sages, with the sages)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of muni

muni - a sage, ascetic, an inspired holy man, seer

Note: Agrees with 'taiḥ' and 'sarvaiḥ'.

सर्वैः (sarvaiḥ) - along with all (those sages) (by all, with all)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Used adjectivally, agreeing with 'munibhiḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then (at that moment of astonishment) (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

व्यासादिभिः (vyāsādibhiḥ) - with Vyasa and other prominent sages (by Vyasa and others, with Vyasa and so on)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vyāsādi

vyāsādi - Vyasa and others (a group including Vyasa)

Tatpurusha compound: Vyāsa (proper noun) + ādi (beginning, etc.)

Compound type : tatpurusha (vyāsa+ādi)

• vyāsa – name of a celebrated sage, compiler of the Vedas and Mahabharata
  proper noun (masculine)
• ādi – beginning, first, and so on, etc.
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'munibhiḥ'.

नृप (nṛpa) - O King (Janamejaya, addressed by Vaiśampāyana) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpa

nṛpa - king, ruler, protector of men

Compound: nṛ (man) + pa (protector, from root pā)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nṛ+pa)

• nṛ – man, human being, male
  noun (masculine)
• pa – protector, preserver
  noun (masculine)
  From root pā (to protect)
  Root: pā (class 2)

Note: An address to King Janamejaya by Vaiśampāyana.