महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-154, verse-25

जामदग्न्यः कुरुक्षेत्रे युधि येन महात्मना ।
पीडितो नातियत्नेन निहतः स शिखण्डिना ॥२५॥

25. jāmadagnyaḥ kurukṣetre yudhi yena mahātmanā ,
pīḍito nātiyatnena nihataḥ sa śikhaṇḍinā.

25. jāmadagnyaḥ kurukṣetre yudhi yena mahātmanā
pīḍitaḥ na ati yatnena nihataḥ saḥ śikhaṇḍinā

25. saḥ mahātmanā yena kurukṣetre yudhi jāmadagnyaḥ
na ati yatnena pīḍitaḥ śikhaṇḍinā nihataḥ

25. That great-souled one, by whom the son of Jamadagni (Parashurama) was tormented in battle in Kurukshetra without much effort, was himself killed by Shikhandin.

Words meanings summery:

• जामदग्न्यः (jāmadagnyaḥ) - Parashurama, the powerful sage defeated by Bhishma (the son of Jamadagni, Parashurama)

• कुरुक्षेत्रे (kurukṣetre) - on the battlefield of Kurukshetra (in Kurukshetra)

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

• येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Bhishma) (by whom, by which)

• महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one (Bhishma) (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

• पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - defeated, overcome (tormented, afflicted, oppressed)

• न (na) - not, no

• अति (ati) - too much, excessively

• यत्नेन (yatnena) - with much effort (with effort, painstakingly)

• निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bhishma) (he, that one)

• शिखण्डिना (śikhaṇḍinā) - by Shikhandin, who caused Bhishma's demise (by Shikhandin)

Words meanings and morphology

जामदग्न्यः (jāmadagnyaḥ) - Parashurama, the powerful sage defeated by Bhishma (the son of Jamadagni, Parashurama)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāmadagnya

jāmadagnya - descendant of Jamadagni, Parashurama

patronymic from Jamadagni

कुरुक्षेत्रे (kurukṣetre) - on the battlefield of Kurukshetra (in Kurukshetra)

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kurukṣetra

kurukṣetra - the field of the Kurus, a famous battlefield

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+kṣetra)

• kuru – name of an ancient royal lineage
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣetra – field, region, domain
  noun (neuter)

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Bhishma) (by whom, by which)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, what, who

महात्मना (mahātmanā) - by the great-souled one (Bhishma) (by the great-souled one, by the noble one)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahātman

mahātman - great-souled, noble, magnanimous, possessing a great self (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahat+ātman)

• mahat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Bhishma.

पीडितः (pīḍitaḥ) - defeated, overcome (tormented, afflicted, oppressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍita

pīḍita - tormented, afflicted, oppressed, vexed

Past Passive Participle

from root pīḍ (to oppress, vex)

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Modifies Jāmadagnya

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

अति (ati) - too much, excessively

(indeclinable)

यत्नेन (yatnena) - with much effort (with effort, painstakingly)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yatna

yatna - effort, exertion, endeavor, painstaking care

Root: yat (class 1)

निहतः (nihataḥ) - killed, struck down

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nihata

nihata - struck, killed, smitten, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

from root han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ' (Bhishma)

सः (saḥ) - he (Bhishma) (he, that one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the 'mahātmanā' (Bhishma).

शिखण्डिना (śikhaṇḍinā) - by Shikhandin, who caused Bhishma's demise (by Shikhandin)

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śikhaṇḍin

śikhaṇḍin - Shikhandin (a character in the Mahābhārata, originally female, responsible for Bhishma's downfall)

from śikhaṇḍa (tuft, plume) + -in (possessive suffix)