महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-154, verse-19

परिदेवयती तत्र कौरवानभ्यभाषत ।
निबोधत यथावृत्तमुच्यमानं मयानघाः ॥१९॥

19. paridevayatī tatra kauravānabhyabhāṣata ,
nibodhata yathāvṛttamucyamānaṁ mayānaghāḥ.

19. paridevayatī tatra kauravān abhyabhāṣata
nibodhata yathāvṛttam ucyamānam mayā anaghāḥ

19. tatra paridevayatī (sā) kauravān abhyabhāṣata
he anaghāḥ mayā ucyamānam yathāvṛttam nibodhata

19. Lamenting there, she addressed the Kauravas: "O blameless ones, listen to the true course of events as I relate them."

Words meanings summery:

• परिदेवयती (paridevayatī) - lamenting (lamenting, wailing, grieving)

• तत्र (tatra) - there (at that place) (there, in that place, then)

• कौरवान् (kauravān) - the Kauravas (the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru)

• अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - she addressed (she addressed, she spoke to)

• निबोधत (nibodhata) - listen (to) (understand, perceive, learn, listen)

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - the true course of events (as it happened, according to facts, the true state of affairs)

• उच्यमानम् (ucyamānam) - that which is being related (being spoken, being said, being told)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• अनघाः (anaghāḥ) - O blameless ones (O sinless ones, O blameless ones)

Words meanings and morphology

परिदेवयती (paridevayatī) - lamenting (lamenting, wailing, grieving)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paridevayat

paridevayat - lamenting, wailing, grieving

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root div (to lament) with prefix pari

Prefix: pari

Root: div (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there (at that place) (there, in that place, then)

(indeclinable)

कौरवान् (kauravān) - the Kauravas (the Kauravas, descendants of Kuru)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kaurava

kaurava - descendant of Kuru, a member of the Kuru dynasty

Patronymic from Kuru + a suffix

Note: Object of 'abhyabhāṣata'.

अभ्यभाषत (abhyabhāṣata) - she addressed (she addressed, she spoke to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect (luṅ) of bhāṣ

Imperfect

3rd person singular middle voice imperfect form of root bhāṣ (class 1) with prefixes abhi and ā

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

निबोधत (nibodhata) - listen (to) (understand, perceive, learn, listen)

(verb)

2nd person , plural, active, imperative (loṭ) of bodh

Imperative

2nd person plural active voice imperative form of root budh (class 1) with prefix ni

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - the true course of events (as it happened, according to facts, the true state of affairs)

(indeclinable)

Compound of yathā (as) and vṛtta (occurred, happened)

Note: Can also be an adjective (neuter accusative singular) modifying ucyamānam.

उच्यमानम् (ucyamānam) - that which is being related (being spoken, being said, being told)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ucyamāna

ucyamāna - being spoken, being said, being told

Present Passive Participle

Present passive participle of root vac (to speak, say), taking 'uc' as substitute

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'nibodhata'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Agent of passive participle 'ucyamānam'.

अनघाः (anaghāḥ) - O blameless ones (O sinless ones, O blameless ones)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, plural of anagha

anagha - sinless, blameless, faultless, pure

Compound of a (negation) + agha (sin)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+agha)

• a – not, un-, non-
  indeclinable
• agha – sin, evil, fault, misfortune
  noun (neuter)

Note: Addressing the Kauravas.