महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-154, verse-31

स्वच्छन्देन सुतस्तुभ्यं गतः स्वर्गं शुभानने ।
न शक्ताः स्युर्निहन्तुं हि रणे तं सर्वदेवताः ॥३१॥

31. svacchandena sutastubhyaṁ gataḥ svargaṁ śubhānane ,
na śaktāḥ syurnihantuṁ hi raṇe taṁ sarvadevatāḥ.

31. svacchandena sutaḥ tubhyam gataḥ svargam śubhānanā
na śaktāḥ syuḥ nihantum hi raṇe tam sarvadevatāḥ

31. śubhānanā tubhyam sutaḥ svacchandena svargam gataḥ
hi sarvadevatāḥ tam raṇe nihantum na śaktāḥ syuḥ

31. O beautiful-faced one, your son has gone to heaven of his own accord; indeed, all the gods would not have been able to kill him in battle.

Words meanings summery:

• स्वच्छन्देन (svacchandena) - by one's own will, voluntarily, freely

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, child

• तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you, for you

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, reached

• स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial world

• शुभानना (śubhānanā) - O beautiful-faced one

• न (na) - not, no

• शक्ताः (śaktāḥ) - able, capable (feminine nominative plural)

• स्युः (syuḥ) - they would be, they should be

• निहन्तुम् (nihantum) - to kill, to strike down

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

• रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

• तम् (tam) - Refers to 'your son' (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• सर्वदेवताः (sarvadevatāḥ) - all the gods

Words meanings and morphology

स्वच्छन्देन (svacchandena) - by one's own will, voluntarily, freely

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of svacchanda

svacchanda - one's own will, self-will, free will

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sva+chanda)

• sva – one's own
  pronoun
• chanda – will, desire, pleasure
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son, child

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle (from √sū 'to generate')

Derived from verb root √sū (to generate, bring forth) with past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: sū (class 2)

तुभ्यम् (tubhyam) - to you, for you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, departed, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, departed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √gam (to go) with past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Often used in active sense 'he has gone'.

स्वर्गम् (svargam) - heaven, celestial world

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svarga

svarga - heaven, celestial abode

Note: Indicates destination.

शुभानना (śubhānanā) - O beautiful-faced one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of śubhānanā

śubhānanā - beautiful-faced (feminine)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śubha+ānana)

• śubha – beautiful, auspicious, shining
  adjective
• ānana – face, mouth
  noun (neuter)

Note: Used as an address to a woman.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

शक्ताः (śaktāḥ) - able, capable (feminine nominative plural)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of śakta

śakta - able, capable, powerful

Past Passive Participle

Derived from verb root √śak (to be able) with past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Functions as a predicate adjective with a sense of present ability.

स्युः (syuḥ) - they would be, they should be

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Mood, 3rd Person Plural

Derived from verb root √as (to be), class 2, optative mood, parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Conveys potential or hypothetical meaning.

निहन्तुम् (nihantum) - to kill, to strike down

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form derived from verb root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-, and suffix -tum.

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for

(indeclinable)

रणे (raṇe) - in battle, in war

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of raṇa

raṇa - battle, war, combat

तम् (tam) - Refers to 'your son' (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सर्वदेवताः (sarvadevatāḥ) - all the gods

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarvadevatā

sarvadevatā - all the deities, all the gods

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+devatā)

• sarva – all, every
  pronoun
• devatā – deity, godhead, divinity
  noun (feminine)

Note: Used as a collective noun.