महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-86, verse-20

विनयैरपि दुर्वृत्तान्प्रहारैरपि पार्थिवः ।
सान्त्वेनोपप्रदानेन शिष्टांश्च परिपालयेत् ॥२०॥

20. vinayairapi durvṛttānprahārairapi pārthivaḥ ,
sāntvenopapradānena śiṣṭāṁśca paripālayet.

20. vinayaiḥ api durvṛttān prahāraiḥ api pārthivaḥ
sāntvena upapradānena śiṣṭān ca paripālayet

20. pārthivaḥ durvṛttān vinayaiḥ api prahāraiḥ api
ca śiṣṭān sāntvena upapradānena paripālayet

20. The king (pārthiva) should discipline the ill-behaved even with gentle methods and also with physical punishments. And he should protect the virtuous by means of conciliation and by offering gifts.

Words meanings summery:

• विनयैः (vinayaiḥ) - with gentle methods (by discipline, by training, by gentle methods)

• अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

• दुर्वृत्तान् (durvṛttān) - the ill-behaved (the ill-behaved, wicked, unruly ones)

• प्रहारैः (prahāraiḥ) - with physical punishments (by blows, by attacks, by punishments)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king (pārthiva) (king, ruler, earthly)

• सान्त्वेन (sāntvena) - by means of conciliation (by conciliation, by mild words, by comforting)

• उपप्रदानेन (upapradānena) - by offering gifts (by offering gifts, by giving liberally)

• शिष्टान् (śiṣṭān) - the virtuous (the well-behaved, virtuous, disciplined ones)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• परिपालयेत् (paripālayet) - he should protect (he should protect, rule over, maintain)

Words meanings and morphology

विनयैः (vinayaiḥ) - with gentle methods (by discipline, by training, by gentle methods)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of vinaya

vinaya - discipline, training, humility, good conduct, gentle means

Prefix: vi

Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Means of dealing with the ill-behaved.

अपि (api) - even (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the gentle methods.

दुर्वृत्तान् (durvṛttān) - the ill-behaved (the ill-behaved, wicked, unruly ones)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of durvṛtta

durvṛtta - ill-behaved, wicked, depraved, badly conducted

Past Passive Participle (functioning as adjective)

from prefix dur- (bad, difficult) + vṛtta (behaved, conducted)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+vṛtta)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – behaved, acted, happened, conducted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root vṛt (to be, exist, behave)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Functions as a noun here, "the ill-behaved ones."

प्रहारैः (prahāraiḥ) - with physical punishments (by blows, by attacks, by punishments)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of prahāra

prahāra - blow, stroke, attack, punishment

from pra-hṛ (to strike)

Prefix: pra

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Means of dealing with the ill-behaved.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used in conjunction with the previous `api` to mean "even... and also...".

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - the king (pārthiva) (king, ruler, earthly)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, terrestrial, a king, ruler (literally 'lord of the earth')

derived from pṛthivī (earth)

Note: Subject of the verbs `(dhamayet)` and `paripālayet`.

सान्त्वेन (sāntvena) - by means of conciliation (by conciliation, by mild words, by comforting)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of sāntva

sāntva - conciliation, mildness, gentle words, comforting

Note: Means of protecting the virtuous.

उपप्रदानेन (upapradānena) - by offering gifts (by offering gifts, by giving liberally)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of upapradāna

upapradāna - offering gifts, presenting, bribe

from upa-pradāna (giving near/as an offering)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (upa+pradāna)

• upa – near, towards, secondary
  indeclinable
• pradāna – giving, bestowing, offering
  noun (neuter)
  from pra-dā (to give forth)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Means of protecting the virtuous.

शिष्टान् (śiṣṭān) - the virtuous (the well-behaved, virtuous, disciplined ones)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śiṣṭa

śiṣṭa - disciplined, taught, virtuous, well-behaved, learned

Past Passive Participle (functioning as adjective)

from root śiṣ (to teach, discipline)

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

Note: Functions as a noun here, "the virtuous ones."

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the two parts of the king's duty.

परिपालयेत् (paripālayet) - he should protect (he should protect, rule over, maintain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pālay

Causative/Denominative, Optative Mood, Third Person Singular

from root pā (to protect) + causative suffix -aya + prefix pari + optative ending

Prefix: pari

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: Subject is `pārthivaḥ`.