महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-86, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
कथं स्विदिह राजेन्द्र पालयन्पार्थिवः प्रजाः ।
प्रति धर्मं विशेषेण कीर्तिमाप्नोति शाश्वतीम् ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
kathaṁ svidiha rājendra pālayanpārthivaḥ prajāḥ ,
prati dharmaṁ viśeṣeṇa kīrtimāpnoti śāśvatīm.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca kathaṃ svid iha rājendra pālayan pārthivaḥ
prajāḥ prati dharmaṃ viśeṣeṇa kīrtim āpnoti śāśvatīm

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca.
rājendra kathaṃ svid iha prajāḥ pālayan pārthivaḥ viśeṣeṇa dharmaṃ prati śāśvatīṃ kīrtim āpnoti?

1. Yudhishthira said: "O best of kings, how indeed does a ruler, while protecting the populace here, attain eternal glory (kīrti), especially by acting in accordance with his intrinsic nature (dharma)?"

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

• स्विद् (svid) - indeed, (interrogative particle)

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Bhishma (O king of kings, O best of kings)

• पालयन् (pālayan) - protecting, ruling, governing

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - a king, ruler, earthly

• प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

• प्रति (prati) - towards, according to, regarding

• धर्मं (dharmaṁ) - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

• विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially, particularly, specifically

• कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, glory, renown

• आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains, attains, reaches

• शाश्वतीम् (śāśvatīm) - eternal, lasting, perpetual

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (proper noun)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava brother)

Compound 'firm in battle'

Compound type : bahuvrihi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

Perfect 3rd person singular, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथं (kathaṁ) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative adverb.

स्विद् (svid) - indeed, (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic or interrogative particle.

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Bhishma (O king of kings, O best of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - king of kings, best of kings

Compound of rājan (king) and indra (lord, chief)

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, king
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to Bhishma.

पालयन् (pālayan) - protecting, ruling, governing

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pālayat

pālayat - protecting, ruling, governing, maintaining

Present Active Participle

Derived from causative stem of root pā (to protect)

Root: pā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pārthivaḥ'.

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - a king, ruler, earthly

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - a king, ruler, earthly, terrestrial

Derived from pṛthivī (earth)

प्रजाः (prajāḥ) - subjects, people, progeny

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, subjects, people, populace

Note: Object of 'pālayan'.

प्रति (prati) - towards, according to, regarding

(indeclinable)

धर्मं (dharmaṁ) - natural law, duty, righteousness, constitution

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, constitution, essential quality

Note: Object of 'prati'.

विशेषेण (viśeṣeṇa) - especially, particularly, specifically

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of viśeṣa

viśeṣa - distinction, particularity, excellence, especially

Note: Adverbial usage.

कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame, glory, renown

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, glory, renown, report

Derived from root kīrt (to praise)

Root: kīrt (class 10)

Note: Object of 'āpnoti'.

आप्नोति (āpnoti) - obtains, attains, reaches

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of āp

Derived from root āp, 5th class verb

Root: āp (class 5)

शाश्वतीम् (śāśvatīm) - eternal, lasting, perpetual

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of śāśvatī

śāśvatī - eternal, lasting, perpetual, everlasting

Note: Qualifies 'kīrtim'.