महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-86, verse-16

कार्येष्वधिकृताः सम्यगकुर्वन्तो नृपानुगाः ।
आत्मानं पुरतः कृत्वा यान्त्यधः सहपार्थिवाः ॥१६॥

16. kāryeṣvadhikṛtāḥ samyagakurvanto nṛpānugāḥ ,
ātmānaṁ purataḥ kṛtvā yāntyadhaḥ sahapārthivāḥ.

16. kāryeṣu adhikṛtāḥ samyak akurvantaḥ nṛpānugāḥ
ātmānam purataḥ kṛtvā yānti adhaḥ sahapārthivāḥ

16. kāryeṣu adhikṛtāḥ nṛpānugāḥ samyak akurvantaḥ
ātmānam purataḥ kṛtvā sahapārthivāḥ adhaḥ yānti

16. Royal attendants who are appointed to duties but do not perform them properly, placing their own interests (ātman) first, go to ruin along with the kings.

Words meanings summery:

• कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in duties (in duties, in affairs, in actions)

• अधिकृताः (adhikṛtāḥ) - appointed (appointed, authorized, in charge)

• सम्यक् (samyak) - properly (properly, correctly, completely)

• अकुर्वन्तः (akurvantaḥ) - not performing (their duties) (not doing, not performing)

• नृपानुगाः (nṛpānugāḥ) - royal attendants (followers of the king, royal attendants)

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - their own interests (oneself, the self, the soul)

• पुरतः (purataḥ) - first (in front, before, first)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed (having done, having made, having placed)

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go (they go, they move)

• अधः (adhaḥ) - to ruin (lit. downwards, to hell) (down, below, downwards, to the lower regions (hell))

• सहपार्थिवाः (sahapārthivāḥ) - along with the kings

Words meanings and morphology

कार्येषु (kāryeṣu) - in duties (in duties, in affairs, in actions)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, business, affair, purpose

Gerundive

From √kṛ (to do, make).

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

Note: Indicates the sphere of activity for the appointed ones.

अधिकृताः (adhikṛtāḥ) - appointed (appointed, authorized, in charge)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of adhikṛta

adhikṛta - appointed, authorized, in charge, competent

Past Passive Participle

From adhi-√kṛ (to place at the head, appoint).

Prefix: adhi

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

सम्यक् (samyak) - properly (properly, correctly, completely)

(indeclinable)

Prefix: sam

Root: √añc (class 1)

अकुर्वन्तः (akurvantaḥ) - not performing (their duties) (not doing, not performing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of akurvat

akurvat - not doing, not performing (present participle)

Present Active Participle

Negative prefix 'a-' + present participle of √kṛ (to do, make).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+kurvat)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• kurvat – doing, making
  participle (masculine)
  Present Active Participle
  From √kṛ (to do, make).
  Root: √kṛ (class 8)

नृपानुगाः (nṛpānugāḥ) - royal attendants (followers of the king, royal attendants)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of nṛpānuga

nṛpānuga - follower of a king, royal attendant

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nṛpa+anuga)

• nṛpa – king, protector of men
  noun (masculine)
• anuga – following, follower, attendant
  noun (masculine)
  From anu-√gam 'to follow'.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Main subject of the sentence.

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - their own interests (oneself, the self, the soul)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence, ego, mind

Note: Object of 'kṛtvā'.

पुरतः (purataḥ) - first (in front, before, first)

(indeclinable)

Formed with suffix -tas from puras (before).

Note: Modifies 'kṛtvā'.

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having placed (having done, having made, having placed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Formed from √kṛ (to do, make) with suffix -tvā.

Root: √kṛ (class 8)

यान्ति (yānti) - they go (they go, they move)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (Laṭ) of √yā

Present indicative

Class 2 verb.

Root: √yā (class 2)

Note: Main verb of the sentence.

अधः (adhaḥ) - to ruin (lit. downwards, to hell) (down, below, downwards, to the lower regions (hell))

(indeclinable)

Originally a nominal stem, used adverbially.

Note: Modifies 'yānti'.

सहपार्थिवाः (sahapārthivāḥ) - along with the kings

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sahapārthiva

sahapārthiva - accompanied by kings, together with kings

Prefix saha- (with, together) + pārthiva (king).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saha+pārthiva)

• saha – with, along with, together
  indeclinable
• pārthiva – earthly, royal, king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  From pṛthivī (earth).

Note: Agrees with 'nṛpānugāḥ'.