महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-86, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
व्यवहारेण शुद्धेन प्रजापालनतत्परः ।
प्राप्य धर्मं च कीर्तिं च लोकावाप्नोत्युभौ शुचिः ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
vyavahāreṇa śuddhena prajāpālanatatparaḥ ,
prāpya dharmaṁ ca kīrtiṁ ca lokāvāpnotyubhau śuciḥ.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca vyavahāreṇa śuddhena prajāpālanatatparaḥ
prāpya dharmam ca kīrtim ca lokau avāpnoti ubhau śuciḥ

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca śuciḥ prajāpālanatatparaḥ śuddhena
vyavahāreṇa dharmam ca kīrtim ca prāpya ubhau lokau avāpnoti

2. Bhishma said: A pure person, diligently focused on protecting the populace through unblemished conduct, achieves both their constitutional duty (dharma) and fame, thereby attaining both the worldly and heavenly realms.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The venerable patriarch Bhishma (Bhishma)

• उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma spoke (said, spoke)

• व्यवहारेण (vyavahāreṇa) - by means of his conduct as a ruler (by conduct, by behavior, by transaction)

• शुद्धेन (śuddhena) - by pure (conduct) (by pure, by clean, by unblemished)

• प्रजापालनतत्परः (prajāpālanatatparaḥ) - diligently focused on protecting the populace (intent on protecting subjects/offspring/people)

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having achieved (dharma and kīrti) (having obtained, having reached, having achieved)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - his constitutional duty (dharma) ((the) dharma, righteousness, duty, constitution)

• च (ca) - and

• कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame (fame, glory, renown)

• च (ca) - and

• लोकौ (lokau) - both the worldly and heavenly realms (two worlds)

• अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - attains (obtains, attains)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both (worlds) (both (masculine dual))

• शुचिः (śuciḥ) - a pure (person) (pure, clean, virtuous)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - The venerable patriarch Bhishma (Bhishma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; name of a hero

उवाच (uvāca) - Bhishma spoke (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of √vac

perfect active

Perfect 3rd person singular active of √vac (class 2)

Root: vac (class 2)

व्यवहारेण (vyavahāreṇa) - by means of his conduct as a ruler (by conduct, by behavior, by transaction)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vyavahāra

vyavahāra - conduct, behavior, custom, transaction, usage

Derived from √hṛ with vi, ava

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: hṛ (class 1)

शुद्धेन (śuddhena) - by pure (conduct) (by pure, by clean, by unblemished)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of śuddha

śuddha - pure, clean, clear, unblemished

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle of √śudh (to purify)

Root: śudh (class 4)

प्रजापालनतत्परः (prajāpālanatatparaḥ) - diligently focused on protecting the populace (intent on protecting subjects/offspring/people)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prajāpālanatatpara

prajāpālanatatpara - intent on protecting subjects

Compound type : tatpurusha (prajāpālana+tatpara)

• prajāpālana – protection of subjects
  noun (neuter)
  From prajā (subjects) + pālana (protection)
  Root: pāl (class 10)
• tatpara – intent on, devoted to, diligent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with the implied subject (e.g., a ruler)

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having achieved (dharma and kīrti) (having obtained, having reached, having achieved)

(indeclinable)

absolutive/gerund

Absolutive (gerund) of √āp with pra

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

धर्मम् (dharmam) - his constitutional duty (dharma) ((the) dharma, righteousness, duty, constitution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue, merit

From √dhṛ (to hold, support)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of prāpya

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

कीर्तिम् (kīrtim) - fame (fame, glory, renown)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, glory, renown, report

From √kṛt (to mention, proclaim)

Root: kṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of prāpya

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

लोकौ (lokau) - both the worldly and heavenly realms (two worlds)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of loka

loka - world, realm, people

Note: Object of avāpnoti

अवाप्नोति (avāpnoti) - attains (obtains, attains)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of √vāp

present active

Present 3rd person singular active of √āp with ava

Prefix: ava

Root: āp (class 5)

उभौ (ubhau) - both (worlds) (both (masculine dual))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Agrees with 'lokau'

शुचिः (śuciḥ) - a pure (person) (pure, clean, virtuous)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śuci

śuci - pure, clean, bright, virtuous, holy

Note: Subject of the sentence (implied)