महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-86, verse-12

न चापि गूढं कार्यं ते ग्राह्यं कार्योपघातकम् ।
कार्ये खलु विपन्ने त्वां सोऽधर्मस्तांश्च पीडयेत् ॥१२॥

12. na cāpi gūḍhaṁ kāryaṁ te grāhyaṁ kāryopaghātakam ,
kārye khalu vipanne tvāṁ so'dharmastāṁśca pīḍayet.

12. na ca api gūḍham kāryam te grāhyam kāryopaghātakam
kārye khalu vipanne tvām saḥ adharmaḥ tān ca pīḍayet

12. ca api gūḍham kāryam kāryopaghātakam te na grāhyam.
khalu kārye vipanne saḥ adharmaḥ tvām ca tān pīḍayet

12. And no secret task should be undertaken by you that is detrimental to the [main] work. For if the work (karma) should indeed fail, that unrighteousness (adharma) will torment both you and them.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, nor

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• गूढम् (gūḍham) - secret, hidden

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - work (karma) (task, work, business)

• ते (te) - by you, your

• ग्राह्यम् (grāhyam) - to be undertaken, to be accepted, to be grasped

• कार्योपघातकम् (kāryopaghātakam) - detrimental to the work, harmful to the task

• कार्ये (kārye) - if the work (karma) (in the work, if the work)

• खलु (khalu) - indeed, surely, certainly

• विपन्ने (vipanne) - failed, ruined, gone wrong

• त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

• सः (saḥ) - that (he/it)

• अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice)

• तान् (tān) - them (masculine accusative plural)

• च (ca) - and

• पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - should torment, should afflict

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

गूढम् (gūḍham) - secret, hidden

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gūḍha

gūḍha - hidden, concealed, secret, obscure

Past Passive Participle

From root `guh` (to hide).

Root: guh (class 1)

कार्यम् (kāryam) - work (karma) (task, work, business)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, task, business, duty, what is to be done

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root `kṛ` (to do) with suffix `ya`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Subject of `grāhyam` (should be undertaken).

ते (te) - by you, your

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

Enclitic pronoun, 2nd person singular. Can be genitive, dative, or instrumental.

Note: Agency for `grāhyam`.

ग्राह्यम् (grāhyam) - to be undertaken, to be accepted, to be grasped

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of grāhya

grāhya - to be taken, to be received, to be accepted, to be undertaken

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root `grah` (to seize, to take) with suffix `ya`.

Root: grah (class 9)

Note: Predicate adjective.

कार्योपघातकम् (kāryopaghātakam) - detrimental to the work, harmful to the task

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāryopaghātaka

kāryopaghātaka - destroying the work, harmful to the work, detrimental to the task

Compound of `kārya` and `upaghātaka`.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kārya+upaghātaka)

• kārya – work, task, what is to be done
  noun (neuter)
  Gerundive
  From root `kṛ` (to do) with suffix `ya`.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• upaghātaka – destroyer, harming, detrimental
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective
  From root `han` (to strike, kill) with prefix `upa` and suffix `aka`.
  Prefix: upa
  Root: han (class 2)

कार्ये (kārye) - if the work (karma) (in the work, if the work)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - work, task, business, duty, what is to be done

Gerundive (Future Passive Participle)

From root `kṛ` (to do) with suffix `ya`.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

खलु (khalu) - indeed, surely, certainly

(indeclinable)

विपन्ने (vipanne) - failed, ruined, gone wrong

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of vipanna

vipanna - failed, ruined, gone wrong, fallen into calamity

Past Passive Participle

From root `pad` (to go, fall) with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: pad (class 4)

त्वाम् (tvām) - you (accusative)

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (pronoun)

2nd person singular pronoun.

सः (saḥ) - that (he/it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, it

Nominative singular masculine.

अधर्मः (adharmaḥ) - unrighteousness (adharma) (unrighteousness, injustice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, injustice, wrong, evil

Negative prefix `a` + `dharma`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  From root `dhṛ` (to hold, support).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

तान् (tān) - them (masculine accusative plural)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, them

Masculine accusative plural.

Note: Object of `pīḍayet`.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

पीडयेत् (pīḍayet) - should torment, should afflict

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of pīḍayet

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root `pīḍ` (to oppress, torment).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)