महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-70, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
महाभाग्यं दण्डनीत्याः सिद्धैः शब्दैः सहेतुकैः ।
शृणु मे शंसतो राजन्यथावदिह भारत ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
mahābhāgyaṁ daṇḍanītyāḥ siddhaiḥ śabdaiḥ sahetukaiḥ ,
śṛṇu me śaṁsato rājanyathāvadiha bhārata.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca mahābhāgyam daṇḍanītyāḥ siddhaiḥ śabdaiḥ
sahetukaiḥ śṛṇu me śaṃsataḥ rājan yathāvat iha bhārata

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca rājan bhārata iha daṇḍanītyāḥ mahābhāgyam
siddhaiḥ śabdaiḥ sahetukaiḥ me śaṃsataḥ yathāvat śṛṇu

2. Bhīṣma said: O King, O Bhārata, listen to me as I correctly explain the great significance of the science of governance (daṇḍanīti) with clear and reasoned words.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• महाभाग्यम् (mahābhāgyam) - the great significance (great fortune, great importance, great blessedness)

• दण्डनीत्याः (daṇḍanītyāḥ) - of the science of governance (daṇḍanīti) (of the science of governance)

• सिद्धैः (siddhaiḥ) - with clear (words) (by accomplished, by authoritative, by perfect)

• शब्दैः (śabdaiḥ) - with words (by words, by sounds)

• सहेतुकैः (sahetukaiḥ) - with reasoned (words) (with reasons, logical, rational)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

• मे (me) - from me (from me, my)

• शंसतः (śaṁsataḥ) - (from me) explaining (declaring, explaining, speaking)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king)

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - correctly (properly, correctly, exactly)

• इह (iha) - in this matter (here, in this world, in this matter)

• भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma (Bhīṣma (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a proper name, son of Śāntanu)

Literally 'terrible'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

महाभाग्यम् (mahābhāgyam) - the great significance (great fortune, great importance, great blessedness)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahābhāgya

mahābhāgya - great fortune, great importance, great blessedness

Compound: mahā (great) + bhāgya (fortune, destiny, share).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+bhāgya)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bhāgya – fortune, destiny, share
  noun (neuter)
  From root √bhaj (to divide, obtain, share).
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Object of an implied verb like 'I will explain'.

दण्डनीत्याः (daṇḍanītyāḥ) - of the science of governance (daṇḍanīti) (of the science of governance)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of daṇḍanīti

daṇḍanīti - science of governance, policy of punishment, punitive justice

Compound: daṇḍa (rod, punishment) + nīti (guidance, policy).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+nīti)

• daṇḍa – rod, staff, punishment
  noun (masculine)
• nīti – guidance, policy, conduct, ethics
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root √nī (to lead).
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Relates to 'mahābhāgyam' (significance *of* daṇḍanīti).

सिद्धैः (siddhaiḥ) - with clear (words) (by accomplished, by authoritative, by perfect)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of siddha

siddha - accomplished, perfect, authoritative, proven

Past Passive Participle

Past passive participle from root √sidh (to succeed, accomplish).

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'śabdaiḥ'.

शब्दैः (śabdaiḥ) - with words (by words, by sounds)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of śabda

śabda - sound, word, voice

Note: Instrument of explaining.

सहेतुकैः (sahetukaiḥ) - with reasoned (words) (with reasons, logical, rational)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of sahetuka

sahetuka - with reason, having cause, logical

Compound: sa (with) + hetu (reason, cause).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+hetu)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating association.
• hetu – cause, reason, motive
  noun (masculine)
  Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'śabdaiḥ'.

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen (listen, hear)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Active

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: śru (class 5)

मे (me) - from me (from me, my)

(pronoun)

Ablative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Alternate ablative form of 'aham'.

शंसतः (śaṁsataḥ) - (from me) explaining (declaring, explaining, speaking)

(participle)

Ablative, masculine, singular of śaṃsat

śaṁsat - declaring, explaining, praising

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from root √śaṃs (to declare, praise, recite).

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'me' (ablative), implying 'from me, who am speaking'.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

यथावत् (yathāvat) - correctly (properly, correctly, exactly)

(indeclinable)

From yathā (as, according to) + -vat (like).

Note: Modifies the act of explaining.

इह (iha) - in this matter (here, in this world, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Note: Refers to the current discourse.

भारत (bhārata) - O Bhārata (Yudhiṣṭhira) (O Bhārata (descendant of Bharata))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of bhārata

bhārata - descendant of Bharata, related to India

Patronymic from Bharata.

Note: An address to Yudhiṣṭhira.