महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-70, verse-14

दण्डनीत्या यदा राजा त्रीनंशाननुवर्तते ।
चतुर्थमंशमुत्सृज्य तदा त्रेता प्रवर्तते ॥१४॥

14. daṇḍanītyā yadā rājā trīnaṁśānanuvartate ,
caturthamaṁśamutsṛjya tadā tretā pravartate.

14. daṇḍanītyā yadā rājā trīn aṃśān anuvartate
caturtham aṃśam utsṛjya tadā tretā pravartate

14. yadā rājā daṇḍanītyā trīn aṃśān anuvartate
caturtham aṃśam utsṛjya tadā tretā pravartate

14. When the king follows three parts of the science of governance (daṇḍanīti), abandoning the fourth part, then the Tretā Yuga commences.

Words meanings summery:

• दण्डनीत्या (daṇḍanītyā) - by the science of governance (daṇḍanīti) (by the science of governance, by penal law, by policy)

• यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

• राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler, sovereign)

• त्रीन् (trīn) - three

• अंशान् (aṁśān) - parts (parts, shares, portions)

• अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - follows, adheres to, practices (follows, adheres to, conforms to, practices)

• चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - fourth

• अंशम् (aṁśam) - part (part, share, portion)

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - abandoning (having abandoned, leaving aside, giving up)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

• त्रेता (tretā) - the Tretā Yuga (the Tretā Yuga (the second age in the Hindu cycle of yugas))

• प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - commences (proceeds, begins, operates, comes into being)

Words meanings and morphology

दण्डनीत्या (daṇḍanītyā) - by the science of governance (daṇḍanīti) (by the science of governance, by penal law, by policy)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of daṇḍanīti

daṇḍanīti - the science of governance, political science, policy, penal law

Compound: daṇḍa (punishment, rod) + nīti (guidance, policy)

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+nīti)

• daṇḍa – stick, rod, staff, punishment, chastisement
  noun (masculine)
  Root: daṇḍ (class 10)
• nīti – guidance, conduct, policy, ethics, science of polity
  noun (feminine)
  From root nī (to lead, guide)
  Root: nī (class 1)

Note: Indicates the means or instrument.

यदा (yadā) - when (when, at which time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

Note: Temporal conjunction.

राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler, sovereign)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, monarch

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of the clause.

त्रीन् (trīn) - three

(numeral)

Note: Modifies aṃśān.

अंशान् (aṁśān) - parts (parts, shares, portions)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of aṃśa

aṁśa - part, share, portion, division

Root: aṃś (class 1)

Note: Direct object of anuvartate.

अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - follows, adheres to, practices (follows, adheres to, conforms to, practices)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of anuvṛt

Present indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice (ātmanepada). Compound verb: anu (after) + vṛt (to turn, to be).

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Verb for rājā.

चतुर्थम् (caturtham) - fourth

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of caturtha

caturtha - fourth

From 'catur' (four).

Note: Modifies aṃśam.

अंशम् (aṁśam) - part (part, share, portion)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aṃśa

aṁśa - part, share, portion, division

Root: aṃś (class 1)

Note: Direct object of utsṛjya.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - abandoning (having abandoned, leaving aside, giving up)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (gerund)

Formed with prefix 'ud' + root 'sṛj' + suffix '-ya'.

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Gerund, indicates an action completed before the main verb.

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

Note: Temporal adverb.

त्रेता (tretā) - the Tretā Yuga (the Tretā Yuga (the second age in the Hindu cycle of yugas))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tretā

tretā - the Tretā Yuga, the three sacred fires, a triad

Name of a Yuga, derived from 'tri' (three) perhaps referring to the three virtues present or the 3/4 (three parts) of dharma.

Note: Subject of the main clause.

प्रवर्तते (pravartate) - commences (proceeds, begins, operates, comes into being)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of pravṛt

Present indicative

3rd person singular, present tense, middle voice (ātmanepada). Compound verb: pra (forth) + vṛt (to turn, to be).

Prefix: pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Verb for tretā.