महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-70, verse-1

युधिष्ठिर उवाच ।
दण्डनीतिश्च राजा च समस्तौ तावुभावपि ।
कस्य किं कुर्वतः सिद्ध्यै तन्मे ब्रूहि पितामह ॥१॥

1. yudhiṣṭhira uvāca ,
daṇḍanītiśca rājā ca samastau tāvubhāvapi ,
kasya kiṁ kurvataḥ siddhyai tanme brūhi pitāmaha.

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca daṇḍanītiḥ ca rājā ca samastau tau
ubhau api kasya kim kurvataḥ siddhyai tat me brūhi pitāmaha

1. yudhiṣṭhiraḥ uvāca pitāmaha daṇḍanītiḥ ca rājā ca tau
ubhau api samastau kasya siddhyai kim kurvataḥ tat me brūhi

1. Yudhiṣṭhira said: The science of governance (daṇḍanīti) and the king—these two are completely connected. For whose success do they act, and what do they accomplish? Please explain that to me, O grandfather.

Words meanings summery:

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - the science of governance (daṇḍanīti) (science of governance, punitive justice)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• समस्तौ (samastau) - both completely connected (both together, united, entire)

• तौ (tau) - those two (referring to daṇḍanīti and the king) (those two)

• उभौ (ubhau) - both

• अपि (api) - indeed (emphasizing both) (even, also, too)

• कस्य (kasya) - for whose (success) (of whom, for whom)

• किम् (kim) - what (do they accomplish) (what)

• कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - (those two) doing/acting (doing, performing (dual))

• सिद्ध्यै (siddhyai) - for success (for success, for accomplishment)

• तत् (tat) - that (explanation) (that)

• मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please tell (tell, speak)

• पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (Bhiṣma) (O grandfather)

Words meanings and morphology

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name, the eldest Pandava brother)

Literally 'firm in battle'.

Compound type : aluk-samāsa tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady
  adjective
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

दण्डनीतिः (daṇḍanītiḥ) - the science of governance (daṇḍanīti) (science of governance, punitive justice)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of daṇḍanīti

daṇḍanīti - science of governance, policy of punishment, punitive justice

Compound: daṇḍa (rod, punishment) + nīti (guidance, policy).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (daṇḍa+nīti)

• daṇḍa – rod, staff, punishment
  noun (masculine)
• nīti – guidance, policy, conduct, ethics
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root √nī (to lead).
  Root: nī (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - the king (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

समस्तौ (samastau) - both completely connected (both together, united, entire)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of samasta

samasta - united, entire, whole, combined

Past Passive Participle (derived form)

From sam-as (to be together, combine).

Prefix: sam

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'daṇḍanītiḥ' and 'rājā'.

तौ (tau) - those two (referring to daṇḍanīti and the king) (those two)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'daṇḍanītiḥ' and 'rājā'.

उभौ (ubhau) - both

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: Reinforces 'tau' (those two).

अपि (api) - indeed (emphasizing both) (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

कस्य (kasya) - for whose (success) (of whom, for whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Governs 'siddhyai' indirectly (success of whom).

किम् (kim) - what (do they accomplish) (what)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Object of 'kurvataḥ'.

कुर्वतः (kurvataḥ) - (those two) doing/acting (doing, performing (dual))

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kurvat

kurvat - doing, making, performing

Present Active Participle

Present active participle from root √kṛ (to do, to make).

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'tau ubhau' (daṇḍanīti and rājā).

सिद्ध्यै (siddhyai) - for success (for success, for accomplishment)

(noun)

Dative, feminine, singular of siddhi

siddhi - success, accomplishment, attainment, supernatural power

Derived from root √sidh (to accomplish, succeed).

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Indicates purpose: 'for the sake of success'.

तत् (tat) - that (explanation) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'brūhi'.

मे (me) - to me (to me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Alternate dative form of 'aham'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - please tell (tell, speak)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative Active

Imperative mood, 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root: brū (class 2)

पितामह (pitāmaha) - O grandfather (Bhiṣma) (O grandfather)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, great father

Compound: pitṛ (father) + maha (great).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (pitṛ+maha)

• pitṛ – father
  noun (masculine)
• maha – great, large
  adjective

Note: Used as an address to Bhishma.