महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-70, verse-16

अर्धं त्यक्त्वा यदा राजा नीत्यर्धमनुवर्तते ।
ततस्तु द्वापरं नाम स कालः संप्रवर्तते ॥१६॥

16. ardhaṁ tyaktvā yadā rājā nītyardhamanuvartate ,
tatastu dvāparaṁ nāma sa kālaḥ saṁpravartate.

16. ardham tyaktvā yadā rājā nītyardham anuvartate
tataḥ tu dvāparam nāma saḥ kālaḥ sampravartate

16. yadā rājā ardham tyaktvā nītyardham anuvartate
tataḥ tu saḥ kālaḥ dvāparam nāma sampravartate

16. When a king abandons half (of the natural law) and adheres only to the other half of the natural law (dharma), then that era named Dvāpara Yuga commences.

Words meanings summery:

• अर्धम् (ardham) - half (of righteousness or natural law) (half, a part, a share)

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up)

• यदा (yadā) - when

• राजा (rājā) - a king (king)

• नीत्यर्धम् (nītyardham) - half of the natural law (dharma) (half of the moral code, half of the natural law)

• अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - adheres to (follows, adheres to, acts according to)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, therefore)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• द्वापरम् (dvāparam) - the Dvāpara Yuga (the Dvāpara Yuga (the second cosmic age))

• नाम (nāma) - named (named, by name, indeed)

• सः (saḥ) - that (he, that)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - era (time, era, period)

• सम्प्रवर्तते (sampravartate) - commences (begins, commences, proceeds)

Words meanings and morphology

अर्धम् (ardham) - half (of righteousness or natural law) (half, a part, a share)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of ardha

ardha - half, a part, a share

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned (having abandoned, having given up)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Derived from root tyaj (to abandon) with suffix -ktvā.

Root: tyaj (class 1)

यदा (yadā) - when

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - a king (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king

नीत्यर्धम् (nītyardham) - half of the natural law (dharma) (half of the moral code, half of the natural law)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nītyardha

nītyardha - half of policy, half of the moral code, half of the natural law

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nīti+ardha)

• nīti – guidance, conduct, moral law, policy, justice
  noun (feminine)
  From root nī (to lead)
  Root: nī (class 1)
• ardha – half, a part, a share
  noun (neuter)

अनुवर्तते (anuvartate) - adheres to (follows, adheres to, acts according to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Prefix: anu

Root: vṛt (class 1)

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

द्वापरम् (dvāparam) - the Dvāpara Yuga (the Dvāpara Yuga (the second cosmic age))

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dvāpara

dvāpara - the Dvāpara Yuga, second of the four yugas

Note: Used predicatively for 'kālaḥ'.

नाम (nāma) - named (named, by name, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Often used as an indeclinable meaning 'namely', 'by name'.

सः (saḥ) - that (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कालः (kālaḥ) - era (time, era, period)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, era, period, destiny

सम्प्रवर्तते (sampravartate) - commences (begins, commences, proceeds)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)