महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-58, verse-21

राज्यं हि सुमहत्तन्त्रं दुर्धार्यमकृतात्मभिः ।
न शक्यं मृदुना वोढुमाघातस्थानमुत्तमम् ॥२१॥

21. rājyaṁ hi sumahattantraṁ durdhāryamakṛtātmabhiḥ ,
na śakyaṁ mṛdunā voḍhumāghātasthānamuttamam.

21. rājyam hi sumahattantram durdhāryam akṛtātmabhiḥ
| na śakyam mṛdunā voḍhum āghātasthānam uttamam

21. rājyam hi sumahattantram (asti),
akṛtātmabhiḥ durdhāryam (ca asti).
mṛdunā (puruṣeṇa) voḍhum na śakyam (etat),
(yasmāt etat) uttamam āghātasthānam (asti).

21. Indeed, kingship (rājya) is a very great enterprise, difficult to sustain for those with an undisciplined spirit (ātman). It cannot be borne by a gentle person, for it is a prime target for attacks.

Words meanings summery:

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingship (rājya) (kingship, sovereignty, kingdom, state, realm)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

• सुमहत्तन्त्रम् (sumahattantram) - a very great enterprise (a very great system, a very significant undertaking, a very important affair)

• दुर्धार्यम् (durdhāryam) - difficult to sustain (difficult to bear, hard to maintain, difficult to hold)

• अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - by those with an undisciplined spirit (ātman) (by those whose self/mind is not trained/disciplined/developed)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible (possible, able, capable of)

• मृदुना (mṛdunā) - by a gentle person (by a gentle, soft, tender, mild person)

• वोढुम् (voḍhum) - to bear (to bear, to carry, to sustain, to endure)

• आघातस्थानम् (āghātasthānam) - prime target for attacks (place of attack, target, vulnerable spot)

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - prime (best, excellent, supreme, highest)

Words meanings and morphology

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingship (rājya) (kingship, sovereignty, kingdom, state, realm)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingship, sovereignty, kingdom, state

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

सुमहत्तन्त्रम् (sumahattantram) - a very great enterprise (a very great system, a very significant undertaking, a very important affair)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sumahattantra

sumahattantra - a very great system/undertaking

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+mahat+tantra)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
• mahat – great, large, important
  adjective (neuter)
• tantra – system, theory, doctrine, treatise, main point, undertaking
  noun (neuter)

दुर्धार्यम् (durdhāryam) - difficult to sustain (difficult to bear, hard to maintain, difficult to hold)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of durdhārya

durdhārya - difficult to bear/maintain

Gerundive

Derived from prefix dur- (difficult) + root dhṛ (to bear/hold) + suffix -ya

Prefix: dur

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `rājyam`.

अकृतात्मभिः (akṛtātmabhiḥ) - by those with an undisciplined spirit (ātman) (by those whose self/mind is not trained/disciplined/developed)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of akṛtātman

akṛtātman - one whose self is undeveloped/undisciplined

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+kṛta+ātman)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, mind
  noun (masculine)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible (possible, able, capable of)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable of, able to be done

Gerundive

From root śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Used with an infinitive to denote possibility.

मृदुना (mṛdunā) - by a gentle person (by a gentle, soft, tender, mild person)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mṛdu

mṛdu - soft, gentle, mild, tender

वोढुम् (voḍhum) - to bear (to bear, to carry, to sustain, to endure)

(verb)

active, infinitive of vah

Infinitive

From root vah

Root: vah (class 1)

आघातस्थानम् (āghātasthānam) - prime target for attacks (place of attack, target, vulnerable spot)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of āghātasthāna

āghātasthāna - place of attack, vulnerable spot

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āghāta+sthāna)

• āghāta – blow, strike, attack
  noun (masculine)
  From ā-√han
  Prefix: ā
  Root: han (class 2)
• sthāna – place, position, stand
  noun (neuter)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - prime (best, excellent, supreme, highest)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - best, excellent, supreme, highest

Superlative

Superlative of ud (up)

Note: Qualifies `āghātasthānam`.