महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-58, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
एतत्ते राजधर्माणां नवनीतं युधिष्ठिर ।
बृहस्पतिर्हि भगवान्नान्यं धर्मं प्रशंसति ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
etatte rājadharmāṇāṁ navanītaṁ yudhiṣṭhira ,
bṛhaspatirhi bhagavānnānyaṁ dharmaṁ praśaṁsati.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca etat te rājadharmāṇām navanītam yudhiṣṭhira
bṛhaspatiḥ hi bhagavān na anyam dharmam praśaṃsati

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca yudhiṣṭhira etat te rājadharmāṇām navanītam
hi bhagavān bṛhaspatiḥ anyam dharmam na praśaṃsati

1. Bhishma said: O Yudhishthira, this is the essence of the constitutional principles (dharma) for kings that I relate to you. For, the revered Lord Brihaspati does not praise any other constitutional principle (dharma).

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (the speaker of these verses) (Bhishma (name of a character))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (Bhishma said) (said, spoke)

• एतत् (etat) - this (essence of royal duties) (this, this one)

• ते (te) - for you (Yudhishthira) (to you, for you (dative/genitive of 'tvam'))

• राजधर्माणाम् (rājadharmāṇām) - of the constitutional principles (dharma) for kings (of royal duties, of the duties of kings)

• नवनीतम् (navanītam) - the essence, the best part (fresh butter, cream, essence)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (addressing the Pandava king) (Yudhishthira (name))

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Lord Brihaspati (the preceptor of the gods, revered as an authority on statesmanship) (Brihaspati (name of a deity/sage))

• हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because, certainly)

• भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered (Lord Brihaspati) (revered, divine, glorious, blessed)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अन्यम् (anyam) - any other (other, another, different)

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - constitutional principle (dharma) (duty, law, righteousness, intrinsic nature)

• प्रशंसति (praśaṁsati) - praises (highly) (praises, commends)

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (the speaker of these verses) (Bhishma (name of a character))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - terrible, formidable; Bhishma (a name)

Root: bhī

उवाच (uvāca) - said (Bhishma said) (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect formation of √vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this (essence of royal duties) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to what Bhishma is about to say or has just said.

ते (te) - for you (Yudhishthira) (to you, for you (dative/genitive of 'tvam'))

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (plural or singular, respectful)

Pronominal stem for second person.

Note: Used here in the dative sense, "to you / for you".

राजधर्माणाम् (rājadharmāṇām) - of the constitutional principles (dharma) for kings (of royal duties, of the duties of kings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājadharma

rājadharma - royal duty, king's dharma, constitutional principles for kings

Compound of `rājan` (king) and `dharma` (duty, law).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)
• dharma – law, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitutional principle
  noun (masculine)
  From √dhṛ (to support, uphold) with suffix -man.
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

नवनीतम् (navanītam) - the essence, the best part (fresh butter, cream, essence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of navanīta

navanīta - fresh butter, cream; essence, choicest part

Compound of `nava` (new, fresh) and `nīta` (drawn, collected, from √nī).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (nava+nīta)

• nava – new, fresh
  adjective
• nīta – led, guided, brought; collected, taken
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From √nī (to lead, carry).
  Root: nī (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhishthira (addressing the Pandava king) (Yudhishthira (name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - steady in battle; Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pandava)

Compound of `yudhi` (in battle, locative of `yudh`) and `sthira` (firm, steady).

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yudh (class 4)
• sthira – firm, steady, constant
  adjective
  From √sthā (to stand) with -ira suffix.
  Root: sthā (class 1)

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Lord Brihaspati (the preceptor of the gods, revered as an authority on statesmanship) (Brihaspati (name of a deity/sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - lord of prayer; preceptor of the gods; the planet Jupiter

Compound of `bṛhas` (prayer, hymn) and `pati` (lord, master).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bṛhas+pati)

• bṛhas – prayer, hymn
  noun (neuter)
  Root √bṛh (to grow, expand) + -as suffix.
  Root: bṛh (class 1)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pā (class 2)

हि (hi) - for, indeed (indeed, for, because, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing cause or emphasis.

भगवान् (bhagavān) - the revered (Lord Brihaspati) (revered, divine, glorious, blessed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhagavat

bhagavat - glorious, divine, blessed, prosperous; Lord

Present Active Participle (secondary sense) / Adjective

From `bhaga` (fortune, excellence) with possessive suffix `-vat`.

Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Modifies Brihaspati.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अन्यम् (anyam) - any other (other, another, different)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anya

anya - other, another, different

Pronominal adjective.

Note: Modifies `dharmam`.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - constitutional principle (dharma) (duty, law, righteousness, intrinsic nature)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - law, duty, righteousness, virtue, intrinsic nature, constitutional principle

From √dhṛ (to support, uphold) with suffix -man.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of `praśaṃsati`.

प्रशंसति (praśaṁsati) - praises (highly) (praises, commends)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (Laṭ) of śaṃs

Present Tense, 3rd person singular

From √śaṃs (to praise) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: śaṃs (class 1)