महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-58, verse-13

उत्थानं हि नरेन्द्राणां बृहस्पतिरभाषत ।
राजधर्मस्य यन्मूलं श्लोकांश्चात्र निबोध मे ॥१३॥

13. utthānaṁ hi narendrāṇāṁ bṛhaspatirabhāṣata ,
rājadharmasya yanmūlaṁ ślokāṁścātra nibodha me.

13. utthānam hi narendrāṇām bṛhaspatiḥ abhāṣata
rājadharmasya yat mūlam ślokān ca atra nibodha me

13. bṛhaspatiḥ hi narendrāṇām utthānam abhāṣata yat
mūlam rājadharmasya atra ca me ślokān nibodha

13. Indeed, Brihaspati stated that exertion is the very root of a king's natural law (dharma). Therefore, learn these verses from me concerning this matter.

Words meanings summery:

• उत्थानम् (utthānam) - exertion, endeavor, rising, effort, prosperity

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, surely

• नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of kings, of rulers

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Brihaspati (the preceptor of the gods)

• अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, said, declared

• राजधर्मस्य (rājadharmasya) - of the natural law (dharma) of kings, of royal duty

• यत् (yat) - which, that

• मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

• श्लोकान् (ślokān) - verses, stanzas

• च (ca) - and, also

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

• निबोध (nibodha) - understand, learn, perceive

• मे (me) - from me (from me, to me, my)

Words meanings and morphology

उत्थानम् (utthānam) - exertion, endeavor, rising, effort, prosperity

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of utthāna

utthāna - rising, exertion, effort, undertaking, prosperity

verbal noun

Derived from root sthā with prefix ud and suffix -ana

Prefix: ud

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Acts as the subject.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because, surely

(indeclinable)

नरेन्द्राणाम् (narendrāṇām) - of kings, of rulers

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of narendra

narendra - king, ruler, lord of men

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+indra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, Indra (the deity)
  noun (masculine)

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Brihaspati (the preceptor of the gods)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Brihaspati, lord of prayer, preceptor of the gods

Compound bṛhat + pati

Compound type : tatpurusha (bṛhat+pati)

• bṛhat – great, large, vast
  adjective (neuter)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Acts as the subject of 'abhāṣata'.

अभाषत (abhāṣata) - spoke, said, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, imperfect past (laṅ) of bhāṣ

imperfect past

Imperfect Middle, 3rd person singular. Root is bhāṣ (1A). The initial 'a' is an augment for past tense.

Prefix: a

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

राजधर्मस्य (rājadharmasya) - of the natural law (dharma) of kings, of royal duty

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājadharma

rājadharma - king's duty, royal law (dharma), constitution for kings

Compound noun

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'mūlam'.

यत् (yat) - which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, who, what

Note: In this context, it functions as a relative pronoun introducing the clause 'which is the root'.

मूलम् (mūlam) - root, origin, foundation

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mūla

mūla - root, origin, basis, foundation

Note: Predicate nominative for 'utthānam' implied, connected by 'yat'.

श्लोकान् (ślokān) - verses, stanzas

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of śloka

śloka - verse, stanza, fame, praise

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Object of 'nibodha'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this place, in this matter

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb derived from demonstrative pronoun idam.

निबोध (nibodha) - understand, learn, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of budh

imperative

Root budh (1U), imperative active, 2nd person singular, with prefix ni.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

मे (me) - from me (from me, to me, my)

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me (1st person pronoun)

Genitive/Dative singular of 'asmad' (I).