महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-58, verse-18

एकाश्वेनापि संभूतः शत्रुर्दुर्गसमाश्रितः ।
तं तं तापयते देशमपि राज्ञः समृद्धिनः ॥१८॥

18. ekāśvenāpi saṁbhūtaḥ śatrurdurgasamāśritaḥ ,
taṁ taṁ tāpayate deśamapi rājñaḥ samṛddhinaḥ.

18. ekaśvena api saṃbhūtaḥ śatruḥ durgasamāśritaḥ
tam tam tāpayate deśam api rājñaḥ samṛddhinaḥ

18. durgasamāśritaḥ ekaśvena api saṃbhūtaḥ śatruḥ
samṛddhinaḥ rājñaḥ api tam tam deśam tāpayate

18. An enemy, even if he has but a single horse (i.e., a very small force), when established in a fort, can cause distress to any given region, even if it belongs to a prosperous king.

Words meanings summery:

• एकश्वेन (ekaśvena) - by a single horse (implying a small force or single cavalryman) (by a single horse, by one horseman)

• अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too, although)

• संभूतः (saṁbhūtaḥ) - having arisen (or appeared) (arisen, produced, born, appeared, happened)

• शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy (enemy, foe)

• दुर्गसमाश्रितः (durgasamāśritaḥ) - when sheltered in a fort (sheltered in a fort, having resorted to a fort)

• तम् (tam) - that (that (masculine singular accusative))

• तम् (tam) - very (intensifier with preceding 'tam') (that (masculine singular accusative))

• तापयते (tāpayate) - can cause distress to (causes pain, torments, distresses, heats)

• देशम् (deśam) - region (region, country, place)

• अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too, although)

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king (of the king)

• समृद्धिनः (samṛddhinaḥ) - prosperous (of the prosperous, rich, thriving)

Words meanings and morphology

एकश्वेन (ekaśvena) - by a single horse (implying a small force or single cavalryman) (by a single horse, by one horseman)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of ekaśva

ekaśva - single horse, one horse

Compound of 'eka' (one) and 'aśva' (horse)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (eka+aśva)

• eka – one, a single
  numeral/adjective (masculine)
• aśva – horse
  noun (masculine)

Note: Instrument of saṃbhūtaḥ.

अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too, although)

(indeclinable)

particle

संभूतः (saṁbhūtaḥ) - having arisen (or appeared) (arisen, produced, born, appeared, happened)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of saṃbhūta

saṁbhūta - arisen, produced, born, appeared, happened

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū (to be, become) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: bhū (class 1)

शत्रुः (śatruḥ) - enemy (enemy, foe)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śatru

śatru - enemy, foe

u-stem noun

दुर्गसमाश्रितः (durgasamāśritaḥ) - when sheltered in a fort (sheltered in a fort, having resorted to a fort)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durgasamāśrita

durgasamāśrita - sheltered in a fort, having resorted to a fort

Compound (durga + samāśrita)

Compound type : tatpurusha (durga+samāśrita)

• durga – fort, stronghold, difficult place
  noun (neuter)
• samāśrita – resorted to, taken refuge in, sheltered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root śri (to resort to) with prefix sam-ā
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Adverbial participle implying 'when he is sheltered...'

तम् (tam) - that (that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Qualifies deśam.

तम् (tam) - very (intensifier with preceding 'tam') (that (masculine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, those

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Qualifies deśam.

तापयते (tāpayate) - can cause distress to (causes pain, torments, distresses, heats)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of tap

Causative voice, Present indicative, 3rd person singular (Ātmanepada)

From root tap (to heat) in causative form (tāpayati/tāpayate)

Root: tap (class 1)

देशम् (deśam) - region (region, country, place)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of deśa

deśa - region, country, place

Root: diś (class 6)

अपि (api) - even if (even, also, too, although)

(indeclinable)

particle

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of a king (of the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

n-stem noun

समृद्धिनः (samṛddhinaḥ) - prosperous (of the prosperous, rich, thriving)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of samṛddhin

samṛddhin - prosperous, rich, thriving, abundant

From samṛddhi (prosperity) with suffix -in

Prefix: sam

Root: ṛdh (class 4)