महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-53, verse-22

ते हया वासुदेवस्य दारुकेण प्रचोदिताः ।
गां खुराग्रैस्तथा राजँल्लिखन्तः प्रययुस्तदा ॥२२॥

22. te hayā vāsudevasya dārukeṇa pracoditāḥ ,
gāṁ khurāgraistathā rājaँllikhantaḥ prayayustadā.

22. te hayāḥ vāsudevasya dārukeṇa pracoditāḥ gām
khurāgraiḥ tathā rājan likhantaḥ prayayuḥ tadā

22. rājan tadā dārukeṇa pracoditāḥ te vāsudevasya
hayāḥ gām khurāgraiḥ likhantaḥ tathā prayayuḥ

22. Impelled by Dāruka, those horses of Vāsudeva (Krishna) then departed, O King, scraping the earth with the tips of their hooves.

Words meanings summery:

• ते (te) - those (they, those)

• हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

• वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva (Krishna)

• दारुकेण (dārukeṇa) - by Dāruka

• प्रचोदिताः (pracoditāḥ) - impelled (impelled, urged, driven forward)

• गाम् (gām) - the earth (earth, cow)

• खुराग्रैः (khurāgraiḥ) - with the tips of their hooves (with hoof-tips, with the ends of hooves)

• तथा (tathā) - thus / so (thus, so, in that manner)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King

• लिखन्तः (likhantaḥ) - scraping / plowing (scratching, scraping, writing, drawing)

• प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they departed (they departed, they went forth)

• तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

Words meanings and morphology

ते (te) - those (they, those)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `hayāḥ`.

हयाः (hayāḥ) - horses

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of haya

haya - horse, steed

Derived from root `hi` ('to go') with `a` suffix.

Root: hi (class 5)

Note: Subject of `prayayuḥ`.

वासुदेवस्य (vāsudevasya) - of Vāsudeva (Krishna)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vāsudeva

vāsudeva - son of Vasudeva, Krishna

Patronymic from `vasudeva`.

Note: Possessive case for `hayāḥ`.

दारुकेण (dārukeṇa) - by Dāruka

(proper noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dāruka

dāruka - Dāruka (proper name of Krishna's charioteer)

Note: Agent of passive participle `pracoditāḥ`.

प्रचोदिताः (pracoditāḥ) - impelled (impelled, urged, driven forward)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pracodita

pracodita - impelled, urged, driven, instigated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `cud` (Class 10, causative `codayati`) with prefix `pra-` and suffix `kta`.

Prefix: pra

Root: cud (class 10)

गाम् (gām) - the earth (earth, cow)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of go

go - cow, ox, earth, ray of light

Note: Object of `likhantaḥ`.

खुराग्रैः (khurāgraiḥ) - with the tips of their hooves (with hoof-tips, with the ends of hooves)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, plural of khurāgra

khurāgra - hoof-tip, end of hoof

Compound of `khura` (hoof) and `agra` (tip/front).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (khura+agra)

• khura – hoof
  noun (masculine)
• agra – tip, front, top, end
  noun (neuter)

Note: Instrument of action for `likhantaḥ`.

तथा (tathā) - thus / so (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

राजन् (rājan) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

लिखन्तः (likhantaḥ) - scraping / plowing (scratching, scraping, writing, drawing)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of likhat

likhat - scratching, scraping, writing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root `likh` (Class 6, `likhati`) with suffix `śatṛ`.

Root: likh (class 6)

प्रययुः (prayayuḥ) - they departed (they departed, they went forth)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past perfect (liṭ) of pra-yā

Perfect Tense

Derived from root `yā` (Class 2) with prefix `pra-`.

Prefix: pra

Root: yā (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then (then, at that time)

(indeclinable)