महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-53, verse-15

न च पीडयितव्यो मे भीष्मो धर्मभृतां वरः ।
अतः पुरःसराश्चापि निवर्तन्तु धनंजय ॥१५॥

15. na ca pīḍayitavyo me bhīṣmo dharmabhṛtāṁ varaḥ ,
ataḥ puraḥsarāścāpi nivartantu dhanaṁjaya.

15. na ca pīḍayitavyaḥ me bhīṣmaḥ dharmabhṛtām varaḥ
ataḥ puraḥsarāḥ ca api nivartantu dhanaṃjaya

15. dhanaṃjaya dharmabhṛtām varaḥ bhīṣmaḥ ca me na
pīḍayitavyaḥ ataḥ puraḥsarāḥ ca api nivartantu

15. And Bhishma, the best among the upholders of natural law (dharma), should not be tormented by me. Therefore, O Dhananjaya, let the vanguard also turn back.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• पीडयितव्यः (pīḍayitavyaḥ) - should be tormented (to be tormented, to be afflicted, to be oppressed)

• मे (me) - by me (agent of torment) (by me, to me, my)

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (a revered Kuru warrior and patriarch)

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of natural law (dharma) (of those who uphold natural law, of those who maintain righteousness or constitution)

• वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, superior, chosen

• अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, for this reason

• पुरःसराः (puraḥsarāḥ) - the vanguard (troops) (those who go in front, the vanguard, leaders)

• च (ca) - also (and, also, moreover)

• अपि (api) - also, even, too, moreover

• निवर्तन्तु (nivartantu) - let them turn back, may they retreat

• धनंजय (dhanaṁjaya) - O Arjuna (O Dhananjaya (an epithet of Arjuna, meaning 'conqueror of wealth'))

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

पीडयितव्यः (pīḍayitavyaḥ) - should be tormented (to be tormented, to be afflicted, to be oppressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pīḍayitavya

pīḍayitavya - to be tormented, to be afflicted, to be oppressed

Gerundive (future passive participle)

Derived from the causal root PĪḌ ('to vex, distress, torment') with the suffix -tavya (gerundive/future passive participle).

Root: pīḍ (class 10)

Note: Acts as a predicate adjective with 'should not be' implied.

मे (me) - by me (agent of torment) (by me, to me, my)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

Note: Used here in the agentive sense with the gerundive.

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (a revered Kuru warrior and patriarch)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a character in the Mahabharata, literally 'terrible')

Note: The subject of the gerundive.

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - of the upholders of natural law (dharma) (of those who uphold natural law, of those who maintain righteousness or constitution)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of dharma, righteous person

Compound of 'dharma' and 'bhṛt' (from root BHṚ 'to bear, uphold').

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, righteousness, duty, constitution
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, carrying, supporting, upholding; one who bears/upholds
  adjective
  Agent noun/participial suffix
  From root BHṚ ('to bear, support') + nominalizing suffix.
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Possessive, 'of the upholders'.

वरः (varaḥ) - best, excellent, superior, chosen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, superior; a boon

Root: vṛ (class 5)

Note: Qualifies 'Bhishma'.

अतः (ataḥ) - therefore, hence, for this reason

(indeclinable)

पुरःसराः (puraḥsarāḥ) - the vanguard (troops) (those who go in front, the vanguard, leaders)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of puraḥsara

puraḥsara - going before, leading, vanguard

Compound of 'puras' ('in front') and 'sara' (from root SṚ 'to go').

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (puras+sara)

• puras – before, in front, eastward
  indeclinable
• sara – going, moving; a string, necklace
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/participial suffix
  From root SṚ ('to go') + suffix -a.
  Root: sṛ (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'nivartantu'.

च (ca) - also (and, also, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too, moreover

(indeclinable)

निवर्तन्तु (nivartantu) - let them turn back, may they retreat

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, Imperative (lot) of nivṛt

Root verb with upasarga 'ni'.

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

धनंजय (dhanaṁjaya) - O Arjuna (O Dhananjaya (an epithet of Arjuna, meaning 'conqueror of wealth'))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dhanaṃjaya

dhanaṁjaya - conqueror of wealth, a name for Arjuna

Compound of 'dhana' (wealth) and 'jaya' (conqueror).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dhana+jaya)

• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• jaya – victory, conquest; victorious, conquering
  noun (masculine)
  From root JI ('to conquer') + suffix -a.
  Root: ji (class 1)