महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-301, verse-8

जिह्वामध्यात्ममित्याहुर्यथातत्त्वनिदर्शनम् ।
रस एवाधिभूतं तु आपस्तत्राधिदैवतम् ॥८॥

8. jihvāmadhyātmamityāhuryathātattvanidarśanam ,
rasa evādhibhūtaṁ tu āpastatrādhidaivatam.

8. jihvām adhyātmam iti āhuḥ yathā tattva nidarśanam
rasaḥ eva adhibhūtam tu āpaḥ tatra adhidaivatam

8. jihvām adhyātmam iti āhuḥ yathā tattva nidarśanam
rasaḥ eva adhibhūtam tu āpaḥ tatra adhidaivatam

8. They declare the tongue to be the individual faculty (adhyātman), as demonstrated by the illustration of truth. Taste, indeed, is the objective element (adhibhūtam), while the Waters are its presiding deities (adhidaivatam).

Words meanings summery:

• जिह्वाम् (jihvām) - the tongue (tongue)

• अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the individual faculty (relating to the self, individual soul, spiritual aspect)

• इति (iti) - thus (thus, in this manner, marking direct speech/thought)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

• यथा (yathā) - as, according to (as, just as, according to)

• तत्त्व (tattva) - truth, reality (truth, reality, principle, essence)

• निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - illustration, demonstration (illustration, example, demonstration, manifestation)

• रसः (rasaḥ) - taste (taste, essence, juice, sentiment, flavor)

• एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, even)

• अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - the objective element (related to elements, material objects, pertaining to objective existence)

• तु (tu) - while, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

• आपः (āpaḥ) - the Waters (as deities) (waters)

• तत्र (tatra) - in that regard, for it (there, in that place, in that matter)

• अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - the presiding deity (related to the gods, presiding deity)

Words meanings and morphology

जिह्वाम् (jihvām) - the tongue (tongue)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jihvā

jihvā - tongue, speech, flame

Note: Object of 'they declare'.

अध्यात्मम् (adhyātmam) - the individual faculty (relating to the self, individual soul, spiritual aspect)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhyātman

adhyātman - the individual soul, the supreme spirit, relating to the self, pertaining to the individual

Compound type : avyayībhāva (adhi+ātman)

• adhi – over, above, upon, in reference to
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Also accusative singular. Here, it is predicated on 'jihvām'.

इति (iti) - thus (thus, in this manner, marking direct speech/thought)

(indeclinable)

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they declare (they say, they declare)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vac

3rd person plural present active of root vac (irregular form)

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - as, according to (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

तत्त्व (tattva) - truth, reality (truth, reality, principle, essence)

(noun)

neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, principle, essence, true state

From tad (that) + tva (suffix of abstract noun)

निदर्शनम् (nidarśanam) - illustration, demonstration (illustration, example, demonstration, manifestation)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nidarśana

nidarśana - illustration, example, demonstration, indication, manifestation

From ni + √dṛś (to see) + ana (suffix)

Prefix: ni

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Also accusative singular. Here, object of 'yathā'.

रसः (rasaḥ) - taste (taste, essence, juice, sentiment, flavor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, juice, essence, fluid, sentiment (in arts)

From root ras (to taste, feel)

Root: ras (class 1)

एव (eva) - indeed (indeed, only, just, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अधिभूतम् (adhibhūtam) - the objective element (related to elements, material objects, pertaining to objective existence)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhibhūta

adhibhūta - pertaining to material elements, the objective world, physical existence

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+bhūta)

• adhi – over, above, upon, in reference to
  indeclinable
• bhūta – being, creature, element, past, happened
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root bhū (to be, become)
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Also accusative singular. Here, predicate nominative for 'rasaḥ'.

तु (tu) - while, indeed (but, indeed, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

आपः (āpaḥ) - the Waters (as deities) (waters)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water, waters (often used in plural as a feminine noun)

Note: Often personified as deities.

तत्र (tatra) - in that regard, for it (there, in that place, in that matter)

(indeclinable)

From pronoun 'tad' + 'tra' suffix

अधिदैवतम् (adhidaivatam) - the presiding deity (related to the gods, presiding deity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of adhidaivata

adhidaivata - relating to the gods, a presiding deity, divine principle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (adhi+devata)

• adhi – over, above, upon, in reference to
  indeclinable
• devata – deity, divinity, godhead
  noun (feminine)

Note: Also accusative singular. Here, predicate nominative for 'āpaḥ'.