महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-301, verse-23

परितापोऽपहरणं ह्रीनाशोऽनार्जवं तथा ।
भेदः परुषता चैव कामक्रोधौ मदस्तथा ।
दर्पो द्वेषोऽतिवादश्च एते प्रोक्ता रजोगुणाः ॥२३॥

23. paritāpo'paharaṇaṁ hrīnāśo'nārjavaṁ tathā ,
bhedaḥ paruṣatā caiva kāmakrodhau madastathā ,
darpo dveṣo'tivādaśca ete proktā rajoguṇāḥ.

23. paritāpaḥ apaharaṇam hrīnāśaḥ anārjavam
tathā bhedaḥ paruṣatā ca eva
kāmakrodhau madaḥ tathā darpaḥ dveṣaḥ
ativādaḥ ca ete proktāḥ rajoguṇāḥ

23. paritāpaḥ apaharaṇam hrīnāśaḥ anārjavam
tathā bhedaḥ paruṣatā ca eva
kāmakrodhau madaḥ tathā darpaḥ dveṣaḥ
ativādaḥ ca ete rajoguṇāḥ proktāḥ

23. Torment, theft, shamelessness, dishonesty, also discord, harshness, and indeed desire and anger, arrogance. Furthermore, pride, hatred, and excessive speech – these are declared to be the qualities of activity (rajo-guṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• परितापः (paritāpaḥ) - torment, distress, remorse, suffering

• अपहरणम् (apaharaṇam) - theft, abduction, taking away, removal

• ह्रीनाशः (hrīnāśaḥ) - loss of shame, shamelessness

• अनार्जवम् (anārjavam) - crookedness, dishonesty, lack of straightforwardness

• तथा (tathā) - and, thus, also, in the same way

• भेदः (bhedaḥ) - division, discord, breaking, splitting

• परुषता (paruṣatā) - harshness, roughness, severity

• च (ca) - and, also

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, quite

• कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - desire and anger

• मदः (madaḥ) - intoxication, arrogance, pride, passion

• तथा (tathā) - and, thus, also, in the same way

• दर्पः (darpaḥ) - pride, arrogance, haughtiness, conceit

• द्वेषः (dveṣaḥ) - hatred, malice, aversion, enmity

• अतिवादः (ativādaḥ) - excessive speech, abusive speech, calumny, slander

• च (ca) - and, also

• एते (ete) - these (masculine plural)

• प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - are declared, are said, are announced

• रजोगुणाः (rajoguṇāḥ) - qualities of activity (guṇa) (qualities of rajas, qualities of activity)

Words meanings and morphology

परितापः (paritāpaḥ) - torment, distress, remorse, suffering

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paritāpa

paritāpa - torment, distress, remorse, anguish, suffering

from pari-√tap (to be tormented)

Prefix: pari

Root: tap (class 1)

अपहरणम् (apaharaṇam) - theft, abduction, taking away, removal

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of apaharaṇa

apaharaṇa - taking away, removal, theft, abduction

from apa-√hṛ (to take away)

Prefix: apa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Acts as a subject here.

ह्रीनाशः (hrīnāśaḥ) - loss of shame, shamelessness

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hrīnāśa

hrīnāśa - loss of shame, shamelessness

compound of hrī (shame) and nāśa (destruction/loss)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (hrī+nāśa)

• hrī – shame, modesty, bashfulness
  noun (feminine)
  Root: hrī (class 3)
• nāśa – destruction, loss, ruin, disappearance
  noun (masculine)
  from √naś (to be lost, perish)
  Root: naś (class 4)

अनार्जवम् (anārjavam) - crookedness, dishonesty, lack of straightforwardness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anārjava

anārjava - want of straightforwardness, crookedness, dishonesty, insincerity

negative compound of ārjava (straightforwardness)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+ārjava)

• an – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• ārjava – straightforwardness, sincerity, honesty, integrity
  noun (neuter)
  from ṛju (straight)
  Root: ṛj

Note: Acts as a subject here.

तथा (tathā) - and, thus, also, in the same way

(indeclinable)

adverb/conjunction

भेदः (bhedaḥ) - division, discord, breaking, splitting

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bheda

bheda - splitting, breaking, division, discord, difference, distinction

from √bhid (to split, break)

Root: bhid (class 7)

परुषता (paruṣatā) - harshness, roughness, severity

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of paruṣatā

paruṣatā - harshness, roughness, severity, cruelty, abusive language

from paruṣa (harsh) + tā (suffix for abstract nouns)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, quite

(indeclinable)

emphatic particle

Note: Often combined with 'ca' as caiva (and indeed).

कामक्रोधौ (kāmakrodhau) - desire and anger

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of kāmakrodha

kāmakrodha - desire and anger (as a pair)

dvandva compound of kāma and krodha

Compound type : dvandva (kāma+krodha)

• kāma – desire, wish, love, pleasure
  noun (masculine)
  from √kam (to desire)
  Root: kam (class 1)
• krodha – anger, wrath, fury
  noun (masculine)
  from √krudh (to be angry)
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Formed as a dvandva compound in the dual.

मदः (madaḥ) - intoxication, arrogance, pride, passion

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mada

mada - intoxication, exhilaration, passion, pride, arrogance, rut (of elephants)

from √mad (to be intoxicated, to rejoice)

Root: mad (class 4)

तथा (tathā) - and, thus, also, in the same way

(indeclinable)

adverb/conjunction

दर्पः (darpaḥ) - pride, arrogance, haughtiness, conceit

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of darpa

darpa - pride, arrogance, haughtiness, insolence, conceit

from √dṛp (to be proud, boast)

Root: dṛp (class 4)

Note: Similar to mada, but often implies a more aggressive or outward show of pride.

द्वेषः (dveṣaḥ) - hatred, malice, aversion, enmity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dveṣa

dveṣa - hatred, malice, aversion, enmity, dislike

from √dviṣ (to hate)

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

अतिवादः (ativādaḥ) - excessive speech, abusive speech, calumny, slander

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ativāda

ativāda - excessive speech, abusive speech, calumny, reproach, slander

compound of ati (excessive) and vāda (speech)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+vāda)

• ati – over, beyond, excessive, very
  indeclinable
  prefix
• vāda – speech, speaking, discourse, doctrine
  noun (masculine)
  from √vad
  Root: vad (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

conjunction

एते (ete) - these (masculine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the preceding list of qualities.

प्रोक्ताः (proktāḥ) - are declared, are said, are announced

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of prokta

prokta - declared, said, announced, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

from pra-√vac (to speak forth, declare)

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Functions adjectivally to 'ete' and implies 'are' (be verb).

रजोगुणाः (rajoguṇāḥ) - qualities of activity (guṇa) (qualities of rajas, qualities of activity)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of rajoguṇa

rajoguṇa - quality of rajas, attribute of rajas

compound of rajas (quality of activity) and guṇa (quality)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (rajas+guṇa)

• rajas – the quality of activity, passion, energy, dust, dirt, menstrual discharge
  noun (neuter)
  one of the three guṇas (sattva, rajas, tamas)
  Root: rañj (class 1)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, virtue, strand, constituent of nature (guṇa)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to the characteristics associated with rajas.