महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-180, verse-28

तं पूर्वापररात्रेषु युञ्जानः सततं बुधः ।
लघ्वाहारो विशुद्धात्मा पश्यत्यात्मानमात्मनि ॥२८॥

28. taṁ pūrvāpararātreṣu yuñjānaḥ satataṁ budhaḥ ,
laghvāhāro viśuddhātmā paśyatyātmānamātmani.

28. tam pūrvāpararātreṣu yuñjānaḥ satataṃ budhaḥ
laghvāhāraḥ viśuddhātmā paśyati ātmānam ātmani

28. budhaḥ laghvāhāraḥ viśuddhātmā pūrvāpararātreṣu
satataṃ tam yuñjānaḥ ātmani ātmānam paśyati

28. A wise person, who constantly practices meditation (yoga) during the dawn and dusk hours, eats light food, and possesses a purified inner self (ātman), perceives the Self (ātman) within their own being (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - that (the supreme self or object of meditation) (that, him, it)

• पूर्वापररात्रेषु (pūrvāpararātreṣu) - in the early and late parts of the night, during dawn and dusk

• युञ्जानः (yuñjānaḥ) - engaging in yoga/meditation (engaging, practicing, meditating)

• सततं (satataṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually

• बुधः (budhaḥ) - wise person, sage, enlightened one

• लघ्वाहारः (laghvāhāraḥ) - one who eats light food, having light meals

• विशुद्धात्मा (viśuddhātmā) - one with a pure self, purified soul

• पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, observes

• आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the supreme Self (ātman) (the self, the soul)

• आत्मनि (ātmani) - within one's own inner self (ātman) (in the self, within the soul, in one's being)

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - that (the supreme self or object of meditation) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पूर्वापररात्रेषु (pūrvāpararātreṣu) - in the early and late parts of the night, during dawn and dusk

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of pūrvāpararātra

pūrvāpararātra - dawn and dusk, early and late night

Compound type : dvandva (pūrva+apara+rātra)

• pūrva – former, prior, eastern
  adjective (masculine)
• apara – later, posterior, western, other
  adjective (masculine)
• rātra – night
  noun (masculine)

युञ्जानः (yuñjānaḥ) - engaging in yoga/meditation (engaging, practicing, meditating)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yuñjāna

yuñjāna - engaging, practicing, joining

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root 'yuj' (to join, to yoke, to concentrate) with Śānac suffix.

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Functions as a present active participle, agreeing with 'budhaḥ'.

सततं (satataṁ) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial form.

बुधः (budhaḥ) - wise person, sage, enlightened one

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of budha

budha - wise, intelligent; a wise person, sage

From root 'budh' (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 1)

लघ्वाहारः (laghvāhāraḥ) - one who eats light food, having light meals

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of laghvāhāra

laghvāhāra - one whose food is light

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (laghu+āhāra)

• laghu – light, small, quick
  adjective (masculine)
• āhāra – food, meal, intake
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'hṛ' with upasarga 'ā'.
  Prefix: ā
  Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'budhaḥ'.

विशुद्धात्मा (viśuddhātmā) - one with a pure self, purified soul

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśuddhātman

viśuddhātman - one whose self is purified

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (viśuddha+ātman)

• viśuddha – purified, pure, clean
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'śudh' (to purify) with upasarga 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: śudh (class 4)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'budhaḥ'.

पश्यति (paśyati) - sees, perceives, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of paśyati

Present Active Indicative

Root 'dṛś', Class 10 (or 4 in some classifications), often uses 'paśya' stem in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

आत्मानम् (ātmānam) - the supreme Self (ātman) (the self, the soul)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Object of 'paśyati'.

आत्मनि (ātmani) - within one's own inner self (ātman) (in the self, within the soul, in one's being)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essence

Note: Location where the seeing occurs.