महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-180, verse-14

यद्यजीवं शरीरं तु पञ्चभूतसमन्वितम् ।
शारीरे मानसे दुःखे कस्तां वेदयते रुजम् ॥१४॥

14. yadyajīvaṁ śarīraṁ tu pañcabhūtasamanvitam ,
śārīre mānase duḥkhe kastāṁ vedayate rujam.

14. yadi ajīvam śarīram tu pañcabhūtasamanvitam
śārīre mānase duḥkhe kaḥ tām vedayate rujam

14. yadi pañcabhūtasamanvitam śarīram tu ajīvam (syāt),
śārīre mānase duḥkhe tām rujam kaḥ vedayate

14. If the body, although composed of the five elements, is truly lifeless, then who experiences that physical or mental suffering?

Words meanings summery:

• यदि (yadi) - if

• अजीवम् (ajīvam) - lifeless, without an individual soul

• शरीरम् (śarīram) - the body

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• पञ्चभूतसमन्वितम् (pañcabhūtasamanvitam) - endowed with the five elements

• शारीरे (śārīre) - physical, bodily

• मानसे (mānase) - mental

• दुःखे (duḥkhe) - in suffering, in pain

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• ताम् (tām) - that

• वेदयते (vedayate) - experiences, feels

• रुजम् (rujam) - pain, ailment, disease

Words meanings and morphology

यदि (yadi) - if

(indeclinable)

अजीवम् (ajīvam) - lifeless, without an individual soul

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ajīva

ajīva - lifeless, without life, without an individual soul

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+jīva)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• jīva – life, individual soul
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'śarīram'

शरीरम् (śarīram) - the body

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śarīra

śarīra - body, corporeal frame

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

पञ्चभूतसमन्वितम् (pañcabhūtasamanvitam) - endowed with the five elements

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pañcabhūtasamanvita

pañcabhūtasamanvita - endowed with or connected with the five great elements (earth, water, fire, air, ether)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+bhūta+samanvita)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• bhūta – element, being, creature
  noun (neuter)
• samanvita – possessed of, endowed with, connected with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefixes sam and anu
  Prefixes: sam+anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'śarīram'

शारीरे (śārīre) - physical, bodily

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of śārīra

śārīra - physical, bodily, relating to the body

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkhe'

मानसे (mānase) - mental

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of mānasa

mānasa - mental, relating to the mind

Note: Agrees with 'duḥkhe'

दुःखे (duḥkhe) - in suffering, in pain

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, misery, sorrow

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

ताम् (tām) - that

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, it

Note: Refers to 'rujam'

वेदयते (vedayate) - experiences, feels

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vid

Causal or denominative

Derived from the root vid (to know), here in its causal form or denominative form from veda (knowledge/feeling) in the ātmanepada.

Root: vid (class 10)

रुजम् (rujam) - pain, ailment, disease

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of ruj

ruj - pain, disease, sickness, ache