महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-180, verse-11

भरद्वाज उवाच ।
यद्यग्निमारुतौ भूमिः खमापश्च शरीरिषु ।
जीवः किंलक्षणस्तत्रेत्येतदाचक्ष्व मेऽनघ ॥११॥

11. bharadvāja uvāca ,
yadyagnimārutau bhūmiḥ khamāpaśca śarīriṣu ,
jīvaḥ kiṁlakṣaṇastatretyetadācakṣva me'nagha.

11. bharadvājaḥ uvāca yadi agni-mārutau bhūmiḥ kham āpaḥ ca
śarīriṣu jīvaḥ kim-lakṣaṇaḥ tatra iti etat ācakṣva me anagha

11. bharadvājaḥ uvāca yadi agni-mārutau bhūmiḥ kham āpaḥ ca
śarīriṣu tatra jīvaḥ kim-lakṣaṇaḥ iti anagha etat me ācakṣva

11. Bharadvāja said: "If fire, wind, earth, space, and water are present in living beings, then what is the distinguishing characteristic of the individual soul (jīva) among them? Please explain this to me, O sinless one!"

Words meanings summery:

• भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - Bharadvaja (a sage's name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यदि (yadi) - if, in case

• अग्नि-मारुतौ (agni-mārutau) - fire and wind

• भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth

• खम् (kham) - space, ether

• आपः (āpaḥ) - water

• च (ca) - and

• शरीरिषु (śarīriṣu) - in living beings, in bodies

• जीवः (jīvaḥ) - the individual soul (jīva) (individual soul, living being)

• किम्-लक्षणः (kim-lakṣaṇaḥ) - what kind of characteristic, having what mark

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

• इति (iti) - introduces the question (thus, so, (quotation marker))

• एतत् (etat) - this (question) (this)

• आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - explain, tell

• मे (me) - to me, for me

• अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one

Words meanings and morphology

भरद्वाजः (bharadvājaḥ) - Bharadvaja (a sage's name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bharadvāja

bharadvāja - Bharadvaja (name of a Vedic sage)

Note: Subject of uvāca.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root √vac.

यदि (yadi) - if, in case

(indeclinable)

अग्नि-मारुतौ (agni-mārutau) - fire and wind

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of agni-māruta

agni-māruta - fire and wind (as a pair)

Compound type : dvandva (agni+māruta)

• agni – fire
  noun (masculine)
• māruta – wind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of implied verb 'are'.

भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground

Note: Subject of implied verb 'are'.

खम् (kham) - space, ether

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - space, ether, sky

Note: Subject of implied verb 'are'.

आपः (āpaḥ) - water

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Note: Subject of implied verb 'are'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the list of elements.

शरीरिषु (śarīriṣu) - in living beings, in bodies

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of śarīrin

śarīrin - having a body, embodied, living being, person

Derived from śarīra (body) + possessive suffix -in

Note: Locative of place.

जीवः (jīvaḥ) - the individual soul (jīva) (individual soul, living being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīva

jīva - living, alive; individual soul, life principle

Derived from root jīv (to live)

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Subject of the question.

किम्-लक्षणः (kim-lakṣaṇaḥ) - what kind of characteristic, having what mark

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim-lakṣaṇa

kim-lakṣaṇa - what sign or characteristic, having what distinguishing mark

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kim+lakṣaṇa)

• kim – what, which
  pronoun (neuter)
• lakṣaṇa – mark, sign, characteristic
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective for jīvaḥ.

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that case

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial locative.

इति (iti) - introduces the question (thus, so, (quotation marker))

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to introduce the question.

एतत् (etat) - this (question) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, that (near)

Note: Object of ācakṣva, referring to the preceding question.

आचक्ष्व (ācakṣva) - explain, tell

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of cakṣ

Imperative Middle

Prefix: ā

Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: From root √cakṣ with prefix ā.

मे (me) - to me, for me

(pronoun)

singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Dative singular of aham.

अनघ (anagha) - O sinless one

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of anagha

anagha - sinless, faultless, pure

Derived from a (not) + agha (sin, fault)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+agha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• agha – sin, fault, evil
  noun (neuter)

Note: Address to a respected person.