महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-180, verse-24

क्षेत्रज्ञं तं विजानीहि नित्यं लोकहितात्मकम् ।
तमो रजश्च सत्त्वं च विद्धि जीवगुणानिमान् ॥२४॥

24. kṣetrajñaṁ taṁ vijānīhi nityaṁ lokahitātmakam ,
tamo rajaśca sattvaṁ ca viddhi jīvaguṇānimān.

24. kṣetrajñam tam vijānīhi nityam lokahitātmakam
tamaḥ rajaḥ ca sattvam ca viddhi jīvaguṇān imān

24. tam kṣetrajñam nityam lokahitātmakam vijānīhi
ca imān jīvaguṇān tamaḥ rajaḥ ca sattvam viddhi

24. Know that knower of the field (kṣetrajña) to be eternal and inherently dedicated to the welfare of the world. Furthermore, understand that Tamas, Rajas, and Sattva are these qualities (guṇas) of the individual soul (jīva).

Words meanings summery:

• क्षेत्रज्ञम् (kṣetrajñam) - the individual soul (ātman) as the knower of the body (kṣetra) (the knower of the field, the soul, the conscious principle)

• तम् (tam) - that one (referring to the kṣetrajña) (that, him)

• विजानीहि (vijānīhi) - know, understand, perceive

• नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal (modifying the knower of the field) (eternal, constant, always)

• लोकहितात्मकम् (lokahitātmakam) - inherently dedicated to the welfare of the world (modifying the knower of the field) (whose nature is the welfare of the world, intrinsically beneficial to the world)

• तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality (guṇa) of Tamas (darkness, ignorance, the quality of inertia (Tamas))

• रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality (guṇa) of Rajas (dust, passion, activity, the quality of dynamism (Rajas))

• च (ca) - and

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality (guṇa) of Sattva (goodness, purity, reality, the quality of clarity (Sattva))

• च (ca) - and

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• जीवगुणान् (jīvaguṇān) - the inherent qualities (guṇas) that pertain to the individual soul (jīva) (qualities of a living being/soul)

• इमान् (imān) - these (referring to Tamas, Rajas, and Sattva) (these)

Words meanings and morphology

क्षेत्रज्ञम् (kṣetrajñam) - the individual soul (ātman) as the knower of the body (kṣetra) (the knower of the field, the soul, the conscious principle)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṣetrajña

kṣetrajña - knower of the field, the individual soul (ātman), the conscious principle

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣetra+jña)

• kṣetra – field, body, sacred place
  noun (neuter)
• jña – knower, understanding
  adjective
  agent noun
  Derived from root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

तम् (tam) - that one (referring to the kṣetrajña) (that, him)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

विजानीहि (vijānīhi) - know, understand, perceive

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of jñā

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

नित्यम् (nityam) - eternal (modifying the knower of the field) (eternal, constant, always)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nitya

nitya - eternal, perpetual, constant, permanent

Note: Agrees with 'kṣetrajñam'.

लोकहितात्मकम् (lokahitātmakam) - inherently dedicated to the welfare of the world (modifying the knower of the field) (whose nature is the welfare of the world, intrinsically beneficial to the world)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lokahitātmaka

lokahitātmaka - whose nature is the welfare of the world, whose essence is benevolence towards the world

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (loka+hita+ātmaka)

• loka – world, people, universe
  noun (masculine)
• hita – welfare, benefit, good
  noun
  Past Passive Participle
  from root dhā
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• ātmaka – whose nature is, consisting of, pertaining to the self (ātman)
  adjective

Note: Agrees with 'kṣetrajñam'.

तमः (tamaḥ) - the quality (guṇa) of Tamas (darkness, ignorance, the quality of inertia (Tamas))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tamas

tamas - darkness, gloom, ignorance, the quality of inertia (Tamas)

Note: Used here in accusative as object of 'viddhi'.

रजः (rajaḥ) - the quality (guṇa) of Rajas (dust, passion, activity, the quality of dynamism (Rajas))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rajas

rajas - dust, passion, activity, the quality of dynamism (Rajas)

Note: Used here in accusative as object of 'viddhi'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - the quality (guṇa) of Sattva (goodness, purity, reality, the quality of clarity (Sattva))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - existence, reality, goodness, purity, the quality of clarity (Sattva)

Note: Used here in accusative as object of 'viddhi'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)

जीवगुणान् (jīvaguṇān) - the inherent qualities (guṇas) that pertain to the individual soul (jīva) (qualities of a living being/soul)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of jīvaguṇa

jīvaguṇa - quality of a living being, attribute of the individual soul

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīva+guṇa)

• jīva – living being, individual soul, life
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent (of prakṛti)
  noun (masculine)

इमान् (imān) - these (referring to Tamas, Rajas, and Sattva) (these)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Agrees with 'jīvaguṇān'.