महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-180, verse-20

पञ्चात्मके पञ्चगुणप्रदर्शी स सर्वगात्रानुगतोऽन्तरात्मा ।
स वेत्ति दुःखानि सुखानि चात्र तद्विप्रयोगात्तु न वेत्ति देहः ॥२०॥

20. pañcātmake pañcaguṇapradarśī; sa sarvagātrānugato'ntarātmā ,
sa vetti duḥkhāni sukhāni cātra; tadviprayogāttu na vetti dehaḥ.

20. pañcātmake pañcaguṇapradarśī saḥ
sarvagātrānugataḥ antarātmā saḥ
vetti duḥkhāni sukhāni ca atra
tad viprayogāt tu na vetti dehaḥ

20. pañcātmake pañcaguṇapradarśī sarvagātrānugataḥ saḥ antarātmā atra duḥkhāni sukhāni ca vetti.
tu tad viprayogāt dehaḥ na vetti.

20. That inner self (ātman), composed of five elements and manifesting five qualities, pervades all parts of the body. It is this inner self that experiences both suffering and happiness in this world. However, the body itself, being separate from this (ātman), does not experience these things.

Words meanings summery:

• पञ्चात्मके (pañcātmake) - in the inner self (ātman) composed of five elements (in the five-fold, in the one with five elements)

• पञ्चगुणप्रदर्शी (pañcaguṇapradarśī) - displaying the five sense qualities (sound, touch, form, taste, smell) (displaying five qualities, showing five attributes)

• सः (saḥ) - that (inner self) (he, that)

• सर्वगात्रानुगतः (sarvagātrānugataḥ) - pervading all parts of the body (pervading all limbs, following all bodies)

• अन्तरात्मा (antarātmā) - the individual soul (ātman) (inner self, indwelling spirit, soul)

• सः (saḥ) - that (inner self) (he, that)

• वेत्ति (vetti) - experiences, perceives (knows, understands)

• दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - experiences of suffering (sufferings, pains, sorrows)

• सुखानि (sukhāni) - experiences of happiness (pleasures, happiness, joys)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अत्र (atra) - in this (world/body) (here, in this place, in this matter)

• तद् (tad) - its (the inner self's) (its, that)

• विप्रयोगात् (viprayogāt) - due to its (the ātman's) separation (from the body) (from separation, due to disunion)

• तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• वेत्ति (vetti) - experiences, perceives (knows, understands)

• देहः (dehaḥ) - the physical body (body, form)

Words meanings and morphology

पञ्चात्मके (pañcātmake) - in the inner self (ātman) composed of five elements (in the five-fold, in the one with five elements)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pañcātmaka

pañcātmaka - five-fold, composed of five elements

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pañcan+ātman)

• pañcan – five
  numeral
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'antarātmā' (implied 'yasmin antarātmani').

पञ्चगुणप्रदर्शी (pañcaguṇapradarśī) - displaying the five sense qualities (sound, touch, form, taste, smell) (displaying five qualities, showing five attributes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcaguṇapradarśin

pañcaguṇapradarśin - displaying five qualities

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pañcaguṇa+pradarśin)

• pañcaguṇa – five qualities
  noun (masculine)
• pradarśin – displaying, showing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun from causal verb
  From 'pra' + root 'dṛś' (to see) with 'ṇini' suffix.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'antarātmā'.

सः (saḥ) - that (inner self) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'antarātmā'.

सर्वगात्रानुगतः (sarvagātrānugataḥ) - pervading all parts of the body (pervading all limbs, following all bodies)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvagātrānugata

sarvagātrānugata - pervading all limbs

Past Passive Participle

Formed from 'sarvagātra' (all limbs) and 'anugata' (followed, pervaded).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarvagātra+anugata)

• sarvagātra – all limbs/body parts
  noun (neuter)
• anugata – followed, pervaded, entered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From 'anu' + root 'gam' + 'kta' suffix.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'antarātmā'.

अन्तरात्मा (antarātmā) - the individual soul (ātman) (inner self, indwelling spirit, soul)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antarātman

antarātman - inner self, indwelling spirit, soul

Compound type : karmadhāraya (antar+ātman)

• antar – inside, inner, between
  indeclinable
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: The subject of the first clause.

सः (saḥ) - that (inner self) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'antarātmā', subject of 'vetti'.

वेत्ति (vetti) - experiences, perceives (knows, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

present active

From root 'vid', present tense, third person singular.

Root: vid (class 2)

दुःखानि (duḥkhāni) - experiences of suffering (sufferings, pains, sorrows)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

Note: Object of 'vetti'.

सुखानि (sukhāni) - experiences of happiness (pleasures, happiness, joys)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of sukha

sukha - pleasure, happiness, joy, comfort

Note: Object of 'vetti'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

Note: Connects 'duḥkhāni' and 'sukhāni'.

अत्र (atra) - in this (world/body) (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Locative adverb.

Note: Refers to the current state or realm of existence.

तद् (tad) - its (the inner self's) (its, that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun stem.

Note: Implied genitive modifying 'viprayogāt', referring to 'antarātmā'.

विप्रयोगात् (viprayogāt) - due to its (the ātman's) separation (from the body) (from separation, due to disunion)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of viprayoga

viprayoga - separation, disunion, absence, loss

From 'vi' + 'pra' + root 'yuj' + 'ghań' suffix.

Prefixes: vi+pra

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Expresses cause or reason.

तु (tu) - but (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Particle expressing contrast or emphasis.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

Note: Negates the verb 'vetti'.

वेत्ति (vetti) - experiences, perceives (knows, understands)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of vid

present active

From root 'vid', present tense, third person singular.

Root: vid (class 2)

देहः (dehaḥ) - the physical body (body, form)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form, person

From root 'dih' (to smear, grow).

Root: dih (class 4)

Note: Subject of 'na vetti'.