महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-180, verse-18

हृष्यति क्रुध्यति च कः शोचत्युद्विजते च कः ।
इच्छति ध्यायति द्वेष्टि वाचमीरयते च कः ॥१८॥

18. hṛṣyati krudhyati ca kaḥ śocatyudvijate ca kaḥ ,
icchati dhyāyati dveṣṭi vācamīrayate ca kaḥ.

18. hṛṣyati krudhyati ca kaḥ śocati udvijate ca kaḥ
icchati dhyāyati dveṣṭi vācam īrayate ca kaḥ

18. hṛṣyati krudhyati ca kaḥ śocati udvijate ca kaḥ
icchati dhyāyati dveṣṭi vācam īrayate ca kaḥ

18. Who rejoices and gets angry? Who grieves and trembles? Who desires, meditates (dhyāna), hates, and utters speech?

Words meanings summery:

• हृष्यति (hṛṣyati) - rejoices (rejoices, is glad, becomes excited)

• क्रुध्यति (krudhyati) - gets angry (gets angry, is enraged)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कः (kaḥ) - who? (who?, what?)

• शोचति (śocati) - grieves (grieves, laments, mourns)

• उद्विजते (udvijate) - becomes agitated (trembles, is agitated, is troubled)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कः (kaḥ) - who? (who?, what?)

• इच्छति (icchati) - desires (desires, wishes, seeks)

• ध्यायति (dhyāyati) - meditates (dhyāna) (meditates, contemplates, reflects)

• द्वेष्टि (dveṣṭi) - hates (hates, dislikes, feels aversion to)

• वाचम् (vācam) - speech (speech, voice, word)

• ईरयते (īrayate) - utters (utters, sends forth, causes to move)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• कः (kaḥ) - who? (who?, what?)

Words meanings and morphology

हृष्यति (hṛṣyati) - rejoices (rejoices, is glad, becomes excited)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of hṛṣ

Present indicative

Derived from root hṛṣ, 4th class, Parasmaipada (P.P.) - hṛṣyati

Root: hṛṣ (class 4)

क्रुध्यति (krudhyati) - gets angry (gets angry, is enraged)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of krudh

Present indicative

Derived from root krudh, 4th class, Parasmaipada (P.P.) - krudhyati

Root: krudh (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who? (who?, what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

शोचति (śocati) - grieves (grieves, laments, mourns)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of śuc

Present indicative

Derived from root śuc, 1st class, Parasmaipada (P.P.) - śocati

Root: śuc (class 1)

उद्विजते (udvijate) - becomes agitated (trembles, is agitated, is troubled)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vij

Present indicative

Derived from root vij with prefix ud, 6th class, Ātmanepada (Ā.P.) - udvijate

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who? (who?, what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)

इच्छति (icchati) - desires (desires, wishes, seeks)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of iṣ

Present indicative

Derived from root iṣ, 6th class, Parasmaipada (P.P.) - icchati

Root: iṣ (class 6)

ध्यायति (dhyāyati) - meditates (dhyāna) (meditates, contemplates, reflects)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dhyai

Present indicative

Derived from root dhyai, 1st class, Parasmaipada (P.P.) - dhyāyati

Root: dhyai (class 1)

द्वेष्टि (dveṣṭi) - hates (hates, dislikes, feels aversion to)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dviṣ

Present indicative

Derived from root dviṣ, 2nd class, Parasmaipada (P.P.) - dveṣṭi

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

वाचम् (vācam) - speech (speech, voice, word)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of vāc

vāc - speech, voice, word, language

ईरयते (īrayate) - utters (utters, sends forth, causes to move)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of īr

Present indicative

Derived from root īr, 10th class (causative) or root īr (1st class), Ātmanepada (Ā.P.) - īrayate

Root: īr (class 10)

Note: Can also be active voice with the same form if 10th class.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

कः (kaḥ) - who? (who?, what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which (interrogative pronoun)