महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-167, verse-23

एष धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठ प्रोक्तः पापो मया तव ।
मित्रद्रोही कृतघ्नो वै किं भूयः श्रोतुमिच्छसि ॥२३॥

23. eṣa dharmabhṛtāṁ śreṣṭha proktaḥ pāpo mayā tava ,
mitradrohī kṛtaghno vai kiṁ bhūyaḥ śrotumicchasi.

23. eṣaḥ dharmabhṛtāṃ śreṣṭha proktaḥ pāpaḥ mayā tava |
mitradrohī kṛtaghnaḥ vai kim bhūyaḥ śrotum icchasi

23. eṣaḥ dharmabhṛtāṃ śreṣṭha mayā tava pāpaḥ mitradrohī
kṛtaghnaḥ vai proktaḥ kim bhūyaḥ śrotum icchasi

23. O best among those who uphold natural law (dharma), I have indeed declared this sinful one—the betrayer of friends, the ungrateful—to you. What more do you wish to hear?

Words meanings summery:

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - Refers to the topic just discussed (the qualities of an abandoned person). (this, this one)

• धर्मभृतां (dharmabhṛtāṁ) - of those who uphold natural law (dharma), among the righteous

• श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) - O best one, O most excellent

• प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared, said, spoken

• पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinful person, evil person, wicked

• मया (mayā) - by me

• तव (tava) - to you, your, of you

• मित्रद्रोही (mitradrohī) - betrayer of a friend, one who harms a friend

• कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - ungrateful, traitor

• वै (vai) - indeed, surely

• किम् (kim) - what? why?

• भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - further, again, more

• श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear, in order to hear

• इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

Words meanings and morphology

एषः (eṣaḥ) - Refers to the topic just discussed (the qualities of an abandoned person). (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, here

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Refers to the previously described type of person.

धर्मभृतां (dharmabhṛtāṁ) - of those who uphold natural law (dharma), among the righteous

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of natural law (dharma), one who bears righteousness

Compound of dharma and bhṛt (bearing, holding)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to hold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• bhṛt – bearing, holding, maintaining, supporting, one who bears
  adjective (masculine)
  Present Active Participle (Nom. sing. bhṛt)
  From root bhṛ (to bear, carry)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

Note: Dependent on śreṣṭha.

श्रेष्ठ (śreṣṭha) - O best one, O most excellent

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, highest, most auspicious

Superlative of praśasya (praiseworthy) or śrī (beauty/excellence)

Root: praśas

Note: Refers to the interlocutor.

प्रोक्तः (proktaḥ) - declared, said, spoken

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pravac

pravac - to declare, to say, to speak, to proclaim

Past Passive Participle

From pra (forth) + root vac (to speak); vac changes to ukta in PPP.

Prefix: pra

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: The verb vac is irregular in its PPP form ukta.

पापः (pāpaḥ) - sinful person, evil person, wicked

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, wicked, sinful, bad; a sin, an evil deed

Root: pṛ

Note: One of the persons being discussed.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I, me

First person pronoun

Note: Agent of the passive proktaḥ.

तव (tava) - to you, your, of you

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Second person pronoun

Note: Receiver of the declaration.

मित्रद्रोही (mitradrohī) - betrayer of a friend, one who harms a friend

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mitradrohin

mitradrohin - betraying a friend, traitor to a friend (adjective or noun)

From mitradruh + suffix in

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mitra+drohin)

• mitra – friend, companion, sun (Vedic)
  noun (masculine/neuter)
• drohin – injurious, hostile, traitorous (one who injures/betrays)
  adjective (masculine)
  From root druh with suffix in
  Root: druh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with pāpaḥ.

कृतघ्नः (kṛtaghnaḥ) - ungrateful, traitor

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛtaghna

kṛtaghna - ungrateful, destroyer of benefits, traitor, one who forgets favors

Compound of kṛta (done) and ghna (destroying)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa or karmadhāraya (kṛta+ghna)

• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ with suffix -ta
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ghna – killing, destroying, removing, slayer
  adjective (masculine)
  From root han (to strike, kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with pāpaḥ.

वै (vai) - indeed, surely

(indeclinable)

Vedic/Classical particle of emphasis

किम् (kim) - what? why?

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of kim

kim - what? which? who? why? how? (interrogative pronoun/adverb)

Interrogative pronoun/adverb, neuter nominative/accusative singular

Note: Object of icchasi (what you wish to hear).

भूयः (bhūyaḥ) - further, again, more

(indeclinable)

Comparative adverb of bhūri (much)

Root: bhū

Note: Modifies śrotum.

श्रोतुम् (śrotum) - to hear, in order to hear

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

From root śru (to hear) with suffix -tum

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Syntactically functions like a noun in the accusative.

इच्छसि (icchasi) - you wish, you desire

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of iṣ

Present stem icch from root iṣ (class 6)

Root: iṣ (class 6)