महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-164, verse-9

अथोपविष्टं शयने गौतमं बकराट्तदा ।
पप्रच्छ काश्यपो वाग्मी किमागमनकारणम् ॥९॥

9. athopaviṣṭaṁ śayane gautamaṁ bakarāṭtadā ,
papraccha kāśyapo vāgmī kimāgamanakāraṇam.

9. atha upaviṣṭam śayane Gautamam bakarāṭ tadā
papraccha Kāśyapaḥ vāgmī kim āgamanakāraṇam

9. atha tadā śayane upaviṣṭam Gautamam vāgmī bakarāṭ
Kāśyapaḥ kim āgamanakāraṇam (iti) papraccha

9. Then, as Gautama was seated on the bed, the eloquent Kaśyapa, the great crane, asked him, "What is the reason for your arrival?"

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then, next (now, then, next, moreover)

• उपविष्टम् (upaviṣṭam) - who was seated (seated, sitting, having sat down)

• शयने (śayane) - on the bed (on the bed, in the bed)

• गौतमम् (gautamam) - Gautama (the Brahmin) (Gautama)

• बकराट् (bakarāṭ) - the great crane (Kaśyapa) (king of cranes, great crane)

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - (he) asked (asked, inquired)

• काश्यपः (kāśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa (the name of the crane) (Kaśyapa (proper name))

• वाग्मी (vāgmī) - the eloquent (crane) (eloquent, garrulous, talkative)

• किम् (kim) - what (is the reason) (what, why, whether)

• आगमनकारणम् (āgamanakāraṇam) - the reason for your arrival (reason for coming/arrival)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then, next (now, then, next, moreover)

(indeclinable)

उपविष्टम् (upaviṣṭam) - who was seated (seated, sitting, having sat down)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of upaviṣṭa

upaviṣṭa - seated, sitting, settled

Past Passive Participle

From root viś (विश्) 'to enter, to sit' with upasarga upa (उप) and suffix kta (क्त).

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

शयने (śayane) - on the bed (on the bed, in the bed)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of śayana

śayana - bed, couch, sleep

From root śī (शी) with suffix lyuṭ (ल्युट्).

Root: śī (class 2)

गौतमम् (gautamam) - Gautama (the Brahmin) (Gautama)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of Gautama

Gautama - descendent of Gotama, name of a sage, name of a Brahmin

बकराट् (bakarāṭ) - the great crane (Kaśyapa) (king of cranes, great crane)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bakarāj

bakarāj - king of cranes, a great crane

Compound formed by baka (बक) and rāj (राज्).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (baka+rāj)

• baka – crane
  noun (masculine)
• rāj – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular from bakarāj.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

From tad (तद्) with suffix dā (दा).

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - (he) asked (asked, inquired)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of prach

Perfect third person singular Parasmaipada

Reduplicated perfect from root prach (प्रछ्), class 6.

Root: prach (class 6)

काश्यपः (kāśyapaḥ) - Kaśyapa (the name of the crane) (Kaśyapa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Kāśyapa

Kāśyapa - name of a sage, descendent of Kaśyapa (also applied to various entities)

वाग्मी (vāgmī) - the eloquent (crane) (eloquent, garrulous, talkative)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāgmin

vāgmin - eloquent, fluent in speech, talkative

Derived from vāc (वाच्) 'speech' with suffix min (मिन्).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies Kāśyapa.

किम् (kim) - what (is the reason) (what, why, whether)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: Functions as the interrogative for 'āgamanakāraṇam'.

आगमनकारणम् (āgamanakāraṇam) - the reason for your arrival (reason for coming/arrival)

(noun)

neuter, singular of āgamanakāraṇa

āgamanakāraṇa - reason for coming, cause of arrival

Tatpurusha compound.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āgamana+kāraṇa)

• āgamana – coming, arrival, approach
  noun (neuter)
  Nomen actionis
  From root gam (गम्) 'to go' with upasarga ā (आ) and suffix lyuṭ (ल्युट्).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, motive
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root kṛ (कृ) 'to do' with suffix ana (अन).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: It's the subject of an implied "is" or the object being asked about.