महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-164, verse-1

भीष्म उवाच ।
गिरं तां मधुरां श्रुत्वा गौतमो विस्मितस्तदा ।
कौतूहलान्वितो राजन्राजधर्माणमैक्षत ॥१॥

1. bhīṣma uvāca ,
giraṁ tāṁ madhurāṁ śrutvā gautamo vismitastadā ,
kautūhalānvito rājanrājadharmāṇamaikṣata.

1. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca giram tām madhurām śrutvā Gautamaḥ vismitaḥ
tadā kautūhala-anvitaḥ rājan rājadharmāṇam aikṣata

1. Bhīṣmaḥ uvāca.
Rājan,
tadā tām madhurām giram śrutvā Gautamaḥ vismitaḥ kautūhala-anvitaḥ rājadharmāṇam aikṣata.

1. Bhishma spoke: "Having heard that sweet speech, Gautama was then astonished. Filled with curiosity, O King (rajan), he gazed at Rajadharma."

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

• गिरम् (giram) - speech, voice, word

• ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

• मधुराम् (madhurām) - sweet, pleasant

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (proper name)

• विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished, amazed

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• कौतूहल-अन्वितः (kautūhala-anvitaḥ) - filled with curiosity, curious

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• राजधर्माणम् (rājadharmāṇam) - King Rajadharma (Rajadharma (the king))

• ऐक्षत (aikṣata) - he looked at, observed

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhishma (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhishma (name of a warrior in Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

Root vac, 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

गिरम् (giram) - speech, voice, word

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gir

gir - speech, voice, word

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

ताम् (tām) - that (feminine)

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'giram'.

मधुराम् (madhurām) - sweet, pleasant

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of madhura

madhura - sweet, pleasant, charming

Note: Qualifies 'giram'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From √śru

Root: śru (class 5)

गौतमः (gautamaḥ) - Gautama (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Gautama

Gautama - Gautama (name of a sage)

Note: Subject of 'abhavat' (implied) and 'aikṣata'.

विस्मितः (vismitaḥ) - astonished, amazed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vismita

vismita - astonished, amazed, perplexed

Past Passive Participle

From √smi with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Gautamaḥ'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

कौतूहल-अन्वितः (kautūhala-anvitaḥ) - filled with curiosity, curious

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kautūhalānvita

kautūhalānvita - filled with curiosity, curious, accompanied by eagerness

Compound type : tatpurusha (kautūhala+anvita)

• kautūhala – curiosity, eagerness, wonder
  noun (neuter)
• anvita – accompanied by, connected with, endowed with
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √i with prefix anu-
  Prefix: anu
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'Gautamaḥ'.

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king (rajan), sovereign

Note: Direct address, referring to Dhritarashtra or another listener.

राजधर्माणम् (rājadharmāṇam) - King Rajadharma (Rajadharma (the king))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājadharman

rājadharman - king's law (dharma), royal duty, name of a king

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+dharma)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, law, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'aikṣata'.

ऐक्षत (aikṣata) - he looked at, observed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of īkṣ

Imperfect Middle

Root īkṣ, 3rd person singular

Root: īkṣ (class 1)