महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-148, verse-4

यो दुर्बलो भवेद्दाता कृपणो वा तपोधनः ।
अनाश्चर्यं तदित्याहुर्नातिदूरे हि वर्तते ॥४॥

4. yo durbalo bhaveddātā kṛpaṇo vā tapodhanaḥ ,
anāścaryaṁ tadityāhurnātidūre hi vartate.

4. yaḥ durbalaḥ bhavet dātā kṛpaṇaḥ vā tapaḥ-dhanaḥ
| anāścaryam tat iti āhuḥ na ati-dūre hi vartate

4. yaḥ durbalaḥ vā kṛpaṇaḥ dātā tapaḥ-dhanaḥ bhavet tat
anāścaryam iti āhuḥ hi [etat] na ati-dūre vartate

4. They say that it is not surprising if one who is weak or poor becomes a giver or an ascetic (tapas); for that is indeed not far [from expectation].

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

• दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak (weak, feeble, powerless)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes (may be, should be, becomes)

• दाता (dātā) - a giver (giver, donor)

• कृपणः (kṛpaṇaḥ) - poor (miserable, poor, stingy)

• वा (vā) - or (or, either)

• तपः-धनः (tapaḥ-dhanaḥ) - an ascetic (tapas) (one whose wealth is austerity, an ascetic)

• अनाश्चर्यम् (anāścaryam) - not surprising (not wonderful, not surprising)

• तत् (tat) - that (situation) (that, it)

• इति (iti) - thus, that (thus, so)

• आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say (they say, they have said)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अति-दूरे (ati-dūre) - very far (from expectation) (very far, at a great distance)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

• वर्तते (vartate) - (it) exists, is found (exists, is, occurs)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun.

दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak (weak, feeble, powerless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, powerless

Compound type : tatpurusha (dur+bala)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ`.

भवेत् (bhavet) - becomes (may be, should be, becomes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

optative active

root bhū, class 1, optative active, 3rd person singular

Root: bhū (class 1)

दाता (dātā) - a giver (giver, donor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dātṛ

dātṛ - giver, donor, bestower

agent noun

From root dā with agent suffix -tṛ

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Predicate nominative for `yaḥ`.

कृपणः (kṛpaṇaḥ) - poor (miserable, poor, stingy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛpaṇa

kṛpaṇa - miserable, wretched, poor, stingy, pitiable

Note: Qualifies `yaḥ`.

वा (vā) - or (or, either)

(indeclinable)

तपः-धनः (tapaḥ-dhanaḥ) - an ascetic (tapas) (one whose wealth is austerity, an ascetic)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tapas-dhana

tapas-dhana - one whose wealth is austerity, an ascetic

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (tapas+dhana)

• tapas – austerity, penance, heat
  noun (neuter)
  Root: tap (class 1)
• dhana – wealth, riches, property
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate nominative for `yaḥ`.

अनाश्चर्यम् (anāścaryam) - not surprising (not wonderful, not surprising)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anāścarya

anāścarya - not wonderful, not surprising

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+āścarya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• āścarya – wonder, surprise, marvel
  noun (neuter)

Note: Predicate adjective for `tat`.

तत् (tat) - that (situation) (that, it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Refers to the prior clause.

इति (iti) - thus, that (thus, so)

(indeclinable)

Note: Marks the end of reported speech.

आहुः (āhuḥ) - they say (they say, they have said)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (liṭ) of ah

perfect active

root ah, perfect active, 3rd person plural (anomalous form)

Root: ah (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

अति-दूरे (ati-dūre) - very far (from expectation) (very far, at a great distance)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of ati-dūra

ati-dūra - very far, too far, at a great distance

Compound type : karmadhāraya (ati+dūra)

• ati – over, beyond, very, too much
  indeclinable
• dūra – far, distant, remote
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used adverbially, 'not very far'.

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

वर्तते (vartate) - (it) exists, is found (exists, is, occurs)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of vṛt

present middle

root vṛt, class 1, present middle, 3rd person singular

Root: vṛt (class 1)