महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-148, verse-30

बृहस्पतिरुवाच ।
कृत्वा पापं पूर्वमबुद्धिपूर्वं पुण्यानि यः कुरुते बुद्धिपूर्वम् ।
स तत्पापं नुदते पुण्यशीलो वासो यथा मलिनं क्षारयुक्त्या ॥३०॥

30. bṛhaspatiruvāca ,
kṛtvā pāpaṁ pūrvamabuddhipūrvaṁ; puṇyāni yaḥ kurute buddhipūrvam ,
sa tatpāpaṁ nudate puṇyaśīlo; vāso yathā malinaṁ kṣārayuktyā.

30. bṛhaspatiḥ uvāca kṛtvā pāpam pūrvam
abuddhipūrvam puṇyāni yaḥ kurute
buddhipūrvam sa tat pāpam nudate puṇyaśīlaḥ
vāsaḥ yathā malinam kṣārayuktyā

30. bṛhaspatiḥ uvāca yaḥ pūrvam abuddhipūrvam
pāpam kṛtvā buddhipūrvam puṇyāni
kurute saḥ puṇyaśīlaḥ tat pāpam
nudate yathā malinam vāsaḥ kṣārayuktyā

30. Bṛhaspati said: A virtuous person (puṇyaśīla) who, having previously committed a sin unintentionally, then performs meritorious deeds intentionally, dispels that sin, just as one cleanses a soiled garment with an alkaline solution.

Words meanings summery:

• बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (Bṛhaspati (name of a sage/deity))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke (perfect tense))

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed (having done, having made, having performed (absolutive/gerund))

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin (evil, sin, vice)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (before, previously, formerly)

• अबुद्धिपूर्वम् (abuddhipūrvam) - unintentionally, unknowingly (unintentional, unknowingly, without forethought)

• पुण्यानि (puṇyāni) - meritorious deeds (meritorious deeds, good actions (plural))

• यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to the person performing deeds) (who, which (masculine singular nominative))

• कुरुते (kurute) - performs (does, makes, performs (present tense middle))

• बुद्धिपूर्वम् (buddhipūrvam) - intentionally, knowingly (intentional, knowingly, with forethought)

• स (sa) - he (referring to the person) (he, that (masculine singular nominative))

• तत् (tat) - that (sin) (that, it (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

• पापम् (pāpam) - sin (evil, sin, vice)

• नुदते (nudate) - dispels (pushes away, dispels, removes (present tense))

• पुण्यशीलः (puṇyaśīlaḥ) - a virtuous person (virtuous, righteous, of good character)

• वासः (vāsaḥ) - a soiled garment (garment, cloth, clothing)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• मलिनम् (malinam) - soiled (dirty, soiled, stained)

• क्षारयुक्त्या (kṣārayuktyā) - with an alkaline solution (by means of an alkaline solution, with soda ash)

Words meanings and morphology

बृहस्पतिः (bṛhaspatiḥ) - Bṛhaspati (Bṛhaspati (name of a sage/deity))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - Lord of prayer, preceptor of the gods, name of a sage

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke (perfect tense))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having committed (having done, having made, having performed (absolutive/gerund))

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed with suffix -tvā

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: An indeclinable verbal form (absolutive or gerund)

पापम् (pāpam) - sin (evil, sin, vice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, bad, wicked; sin, vice, evil deed

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously (before, previously, formerly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here, 'previously'.

अबुद्धिपूर्वम् (abuddhipūrvam) - unintentionally, unknowingly (unintentional, unknowingly, without forethought)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (or bahuvrīhi) (a+buddhi+pūrva)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• buddhi – intellect, understanding, intention
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• pūrva – preceded by, prior, former
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used as an adverb modifying 'kṛtvā'.

पुण्यानि (puṇyāni) - meritorious deeds (meritorious deeds, good actions (plural))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of puṇya

puṇya - meritorious, virtuous, sacred; good deed, merit

यः (yaḥ) - who (referring to the person performing deeds) (who, which (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

कुरुते (kurute) - performs (does, makes, performs (present tense middle))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

बुद्धिपूर्वम् (buddhipūrvam) - intentionally, knowingly (intentional, knowingly, with forethought)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (or bahuvrīhi) (buddhi+pūrva)

• buddhi – intellect, understanding, intention
  noun (feminine)
  Root: budh (class 1)
• pūrva – preceded by, prior, former
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Used as an adverb modifying 'kurute'.

स (sa) - he (referring to the person) (he, that (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

तत् (tat) - that (sin) (that, it (neuter singular nominative/accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Modifies 'pāpam'.

पापम् (pāpam) - sin (evil, sin, vice)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - evil, bad, wicked; sin, vice, evil deed

नुदते (nudate) - dispels (pushes away, dispels, removes (present tense))

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nud

Root: nud (class 6)

Note: Ātmanepada, 3rd person singular

पुण्यशीलः (puṇyaśīlaḥ) - a virtuous person (virtuous, righteous, of good character)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of puṇyaśīla

puṇyaśīla - virtuous, righteous, of good character; a virtuous person

Compound type : bahuvrīhi or karmadhāraya (puṇya+śīla)

• puṇya – meritorious, virtuous, sacred, good deed
  adjective (neuter)
• śīla – character, disposition, nature, conduct
  noun (neuter)
  Root: śīl (class 1)

वासः (vāsaḥ) - a soiled garment (garment, cloth, clothing)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vāsas

vāsas - garment, cloth, clothing, apparel

Root: vas (class 2)

Note: This is a neuter noun ending in -as (like manas)

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

मलिनम् (malinam) - soiled (dirty, soiled, stained)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of malina

malina - dirty, soiled, stained, impure

Note: Agrees with 'vāsaḥ'.

क्षारयुक्त्या (kṣārayuktyā) - with an alkaline solution (by means of an alkaline solution, with soda ash)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of kṣārayukti

kṣārayukti - application of alkali, alkaline solution, soda ash

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (kṣāra+yukti)

• kṣāra – alkali, caustic, soda, saline
  noun (masculine)
  Root: kṣar (class 1)
• yukti – application, method, means, connection
  noun (feminine)
  Root: yuj (class 7)