महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-148, verse-28

बृहस्पतिं देवगुरुं सुरासुराः समेत्य सर्वे नृपतेऽन्वयुञ्जन् ।
धर्मे फलं वेत्थ कृते महर्षे तथेतरस्मिन्नरके पापलोके ॥२८॥

28. bṛhaspatiṁ devaguruṁ surāsurāḥ; sametya sarve nṛpate'nvayuñjan ,
dharme phalaṁ vettha kṛte maharṣe; tathetarasminnarake pāpaloke.

28. bṛhaspatim devagurum surāsurāḥ
sametya sarve nṛpate anvayuñjan
dharme phalam vettha kṛte maharṣe
tathā itarasmin narake pāpaloke

28. nṛpate,
sarve surāsurāḥ sametya devagurum bṛhaspatim anvayuñjan: "maharṣe,
dharme kṛte phalam vettha,
tathā itarasmin narake pāpaloke (api vettha)?"

28. O King (nṛpate), all the gods (sura) and demons (asura), having assembled, questioned Bṛhaspati, the preceptor (guru) of the gods: "O great sage (maharṣe), do you know the outcome when natural law (dharma) is followed, and likewise in the other, sinful world (papaloke), which is hell?"

Words meanings summery:

• बृहस्पतिम् (bṛhaspatim) - Bṛhaspati (Bṛhaspati (the preceptor of the gods))

• देवगुरुम् (devagurum) - the preceptor (guru) of the gods (sura) (preceptor of the gods)

• सुरासुराः (surāsurāḥ) - all the gods (sura) and demons (asura) (gods and demons)

• समेत्य (sametya) - having assembled (having met, having assembled, having come together)

• सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

• नृपते (nṛpate) - O King

• अन्वयुञ्जन् (anvayuñjan) - questioned (questioned, interrogated, asked)

• धर्मे (dharme) - concerning natural law (dharma) (in (dharma), concerning natural law (dharma), in duty)

• फलम् (phalam) - the outcome (fruit, result, consequence, reward)

• वेत्थ (vettha) - do you know (you know, you understand)

• कृते (kṛte) - when [dharma] is followed/performed (in what is done, in performance, when done)

• महर्षे (maharṣe) - O great sage (maharṣi) (O great sage)

• तथा (tathā) - and likewise (so, thus, similarly, likewise)

• इतरस्मिन् (itarasmin) - in the other (in the other, in the different one)

• नरके (narake) - in hell (in hell, in the underworld)

• पापलोके (pāpaloke) - in the sinful world (papaloka) (in the sinful world, in the world of evil)

Words meanings and morphology

बृहस्पतिम् (bṛhaspatim) - Bṛhaspati (Bṛhaspati (the preceptor of the gods))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bṛhaspati

bṛhaspati - lord of prayer or devotion; the priest of the gods, preceptor of the gods, name of a deity (often identified with Jupiter)

Note: Direct object of 'anvayuñjan'.

देवगुरुम् (devagurum) - the preceptor (guru) of the gods (sura) (preceptor of the gods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of devaguru

devaguru - the preceptor of the gods, Bṛhaspati

Compound of deva (god) and guru (preceptor)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (deva+guru)

• deva – god, deity, divine
  noun (masculine)
• guru – teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide
  noun (masculine)

Note: Epithet for Bṛhaspati.

सुरासुराः (surāsurāḥ) - all the gods (sura) and demons (asura) (gods and demons)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of surāsura

surāsura - gods and demons

Dvanda compound of sura (god) and asura (demon)

Compound type : dvandva (sura+asura)

• sura – god, deity
  noun (masculine)
• asura – demon, evil spirit, opponent of the gods
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of 'anvayuñjan'.

समेत्य (sametya) - having assembled (having met, having assembled, having come together)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of root i (to go) with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Indicates a prior action by the subject.

सर्वे (sarve) - all (all, every)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

Note: Agrees with 'surāsurāḥ'.

नृपते (nṛpate) - O King

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nṛpati

nṛpati - lord of men, king, ruler

Compound of nṛ (man) and pati (lord)

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī tatpuruṣa (nṛ+pati)

• nṛ – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• pati – lord, master, husband
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to a king (the listener of the narration).

अन्वयुञ्जन् (anvayuñjan) - questioned (questioned, interrogated, asked)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of anvayuñj

Imperfect

3rd person plural Imperfect active of root yuj (to join, apply) with prefixes anu- and vi- (sometimes taken as anu- + yuj, with 'v' as an insertion)

Prefixes: anu+vi

Root: yuj (class 7)

धर्मे (dharme) - concerning natural law (dharma) (in (dharma), concerning natural law (dharma), in duty)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion, intrinsic nature

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the sphere or context of natural law.

फलम् (phalam) - the outcome (fruit, result, consequence, reward)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of phala

phala - fruit, result, consequence, reward, effect

Note: Direct object of 'vettha'.

वेत्थ (vettha) - do you know (you know, you understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (perfect in form) (liṭ) of vid

Perfect (irregular)

2nd person singular Perfect (irregular) active of root vid (class 2)

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Root 'vid' (to know) is irregular.

कृते (kṛte) - when [dharma] is followed/performed (in what is done, in performance, when done)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed; action, deed

Past Passive Participle

Past Passive Participle of root kṛ (to do, make), used substantively or adverbially

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Often used in locative absolute constructions or to specify a state. Here, 'in a performed (dharma)'.

महर्षे (maharṣe) - O great sage (maharṣi) (O great sage)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of maharṣi

maharṣi - great sage, great seer

Compound of mahā (great) and ṛṣi (sage)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+ṛṣi)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• ṛṣi – sage, seer, inspired poet
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Bṛhaspati.

तथा (tathā) - and likewise (so, thus, similarly, likewise)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects the question about dharma with the question about the sinful world.

इतरस्मिन् (itarasmin) - in the other (in the other, in the different one)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of itara

itara - other, another, different

Note: Refers to the other world (naraka, pāpaloka).

नरके (narake) - in hell (in hell, in the underworld)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of naraka

naraka - hell, the underworld, realm of punishment

Note: Specifies the type of other world.

पापलोके (pāpaloke) - in the sinful world (papaloka) (in the sinful world, in the world of evil)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāpaloka

pāpaloka - the world of evil or sin, hell

Compound of pāpa (sin) and loka (world)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pāpa+loka)

• pāpa – evil, bad, wicked; sin, vice
  adjective (neuter)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)

Note: Synonymous with or further describes 'narake'.