महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-107, verse-27

ददौ दुहितरं चास्मै रत्नानि विविधानि च ।
एष राज्ञां परो धर्मः सह्यौ जयपराजयौ ॥२७॥

27. dadau duhitaraṁ cāsmai ratnāni vividhāni ca ,
eṣa rājñāṁ paro dharmaḥ sahyau jayaparājayau.

27. dadau duhitaram ca asmai ratnāni vividhāni ca |
eṣaḥ rājñām paraḥ dharmaḥ sahyam jayaparājayau

27. (saḥ) asmai duhitaram ca vividhāni ratnāni ca dadau.
eṣaḥ rājñām paraḥ dharmaḥ (asti).
jayaparājayau sahyam.

27. He also gave his daughter and various jewels to him. This is the supreme duty (dharma) of kings: both victory and defeat must be endured.

Words meanings summery:

• ददौ (dadau) - he gave

• दुहितरम् (duhitaram) - daughter

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्मै (asmai) - refers to Kausalya (to him)

• रत्नानि (ratnāni) - jewels, gems, treasures

• विविधानि (vividhāni) - various, diverse, manifold

• च (ca) - and, also

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

• राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

• परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - supreme duty (dharma) of kings (duty, righteousness, natural law)

• सह्यम् (sahyam) - victory and defeat are to be endured (to be endured, endurable)

• जयपराजयौ (jayaparājayau) - victory and defeat

Words meanings and morphology

ददौ (dadau) - he gave

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dā

Root: dā (class 3)

दुहितरम् (duhitaram) - daughter

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of duhitṛ

duhitṛ - daughter

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्मै (asmai) - refers to Kausalya (to him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

रत्नानि (ratnāni) - jewels, gems, treasures

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of ratna

ratna - jewel, gem, precious thing, treasure

विविधानि (vividhāni) - various, diverse, manifold

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of vividha

vividha - various, diverse, manifold, of many kinds

Note: Agrees with 'ratnāni'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

राज्ञाम् (rājñām) - of kings

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

परः (paraḥ) - supreme, highest, ultimate

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of para

para - supreme, highest, ultimate, other, distant

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - supreme duty (dharma) of kings (duty, righteousness, natural law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue, constitution, natural law, intrinsic nature

Derived from root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support).

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

सह्यम् (sahyam) - victory and defeat are to be endured (to be endured, endurable)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sahya

sahya - to be endured, endurable, tolerable, fit to be borne

Gerundive

Derived from the root 'sah' (to bear, endure) with suffix '-ya'.

Root: sah (class 1)

जयपराजयौ (jayaparājayau) - victory and defeat

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jaya-parājaya

jaya-parājaya - victory and defeat

Compound type : dvandva (jaya+parājaya)

• jaya – victory, triumph
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'ji' (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• parājaya – defeat, loss, discomfiture
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'ji' (to conquer) with the prefix 'parā-'.
  Prefix: parā
  Root: ji (class 1)