महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-107, verse-22

ततः कौसल्यमाहूय वैदेहो वाक्यमब्रवीत् ।
धर्मतो नीतितश्चैव बलेन च जितो मया ॥२२॥

22. tataḥ kausalyamāhūya vaideho vākyamabravīt ,
dharmato nītitaścaiva balena ca jito mayā.

22. tataḥ kausalyam āhūya vaidehaḥ vākyam abravīt
dharmataḥ nītitaḥ ca eva balena ca jitaḥ mayā

22. tataḥ vaidehaḥ kausalyam āhūya vākyam abravīt
mayā dharmataḥ nītitaḥ ca eva balena ca jitaḥ

22. Then, the king of Videha, having summoned Kausalya, spoke these words: 'You have been conquered by me through my adherence to natural law (dharma), by my policy, and by my strength.'

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

• कौसल्यम् (kausalyam) - Kausalya (a male person from Kosala, the addressee) (Kausalya (a proper name, usually referring to a person from Kosala or related to the queen Kausalya))

• आहूय (āhūya) - having summoned (having called, having summoned)

• वैदेहः (vaidehaḥ) - the king of Videha (Janaka) (king of Videha, a man from Videha)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (speech, word, statement, sentence)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said, told)

• धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - through my adherence to natural law (dharma) (by means of dharma, according to dharma)

• नीतितः (nītitaḥ) - by my policy (by means of policy, according to policy)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• बलेन (balena) - by my strength (by strength, by force)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered (conquered, won, vanquished)

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, thereafter, from that)

(indeclinable)

Adverb derived from 'tad'.

कौसल्यम् (kausalyam) - Kausalya (a male person from Kosala, the addressee) (Kausalya (a proper name, usually referring to a person from Kosala or related to the queen Kausalya))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kausalya

kausalya - belonging to Kosala, a descendant of Kuśala; name of a queen (mother of Rama); name of a sage.

From 'kosala' + 'ya' suffix.

Note: Object of 'āhūya'.

आहूय (āhūya) - having summoned (having called, having summoned)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix 'ā' + root 'hū' (to call) + suffix 'ya'.

Prefix: ā

Root: hū (class 3)

वैदेहः (vaidehaḥ) - the king of Videha (Janaka) (king of Videha, a man from Videha)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaideha

vaideha - belonging to Videha, a king of Videha, an inhabitant of Videha (usually Janaka)

From 'videha' + 'aṇ' suffix.

Note: Subject of 'abravīt'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - these words (speech, word, statement, sentence)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement

From 'vac' (to speak) + 'ya' suffix.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'abravīt'.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke (spoke, said, told)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Imperfect (past) Indicative, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

From root 'brū' (or 'vac'), 2nd class. 'a' augment indicates past tense.

Root: brū (class 2)

धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - through my adherence to natural law (dharma) (by means of dharma, according to dharma)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix 'tas' from 'dharma'.

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

नीतितः (nītitaḥ) - by my policy (by means of policy, according to policy)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix 'tas' from 'nīti'.

Root: nī (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

बलेन (balena) - by my strength (by strength, by force)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of bala

bala - strength, power, force, army

Root: bal (class 1)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

जितः (jitaḥ) - conquered (conquered, won, vanquished)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jita

jita - conquered, victorious, won, subdued (Past Passive Participle of ji)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ji' (to conquer, to win).

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective, implicitly referring to Kausalya.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Instrumental singular of 'asmad'.

Note: Agent in passive construction.