महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-107, verse-16

स त्वं धर्ममवेक्षस्व त्यक्त्वाधर्ममसांप्रतम् ।
न हि कामान्न च द्रोहात्स्वधर्मं हातुमर्हसि ॥१६॥

16. sa tvaṁ dharmamavekṣasva tyaktvādharmamasāṁpratam ,
na hi kāmānna ca drohātsvadharmaṁ hātumarhasi.

16. sa tvam dharmam avekṣasva tyaktvā adharmam asāṃpratam
na hi kāmāt na ca drohāt svadharmam hātum arhasi

16. tvam asāṃpratam adharmam tyaktvā dharmam avekṣasva
hi kāmāt na ca drohāt svadharmam hātum na arhasi

16. Therefore, you should uphold your natural law (dharma), abandoning what is improper and unrighteous. Indeed, you should not abandon your own intrinsic nature (svadharma) out of desire or malice.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

• अवेक्षस्व (avekṣasva) - you should observe, you should uphold

• त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

• अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, what is not dharma

• असांप्रतम् (asāṁpratam) - improper, unsuitable, untimely

• न (na) - not, no

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, out of desire

• न (na) - not, no

• च (ca) - and, also

• द्रोहात् (drohāt) - from malice, out of treachery, from injury

• स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - one's own intrinsic nature (one's own natural law, one's own duty)

• हातुम् (hātum) - to abandon, to give up

• अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Used here to emphasize 'you' - 'You, therefore'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Refers to the listener.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'uphold'.

अवेक्षस्व (avekṣasva) - you should observe, you should uphold

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of avekṣ

From 'ava' (prefix) + 'īkṣ' (root 'to see')

Prefix: ava

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: A middle voice imperative, implying action for oneself or for one's own benefit.

त्यक्त्वा (tyaktvā) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

absolutive

Formed with -ktvā suffix

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Denotes a preceding action.

अधर्मम् (adharmam) - unrighteousness, what is not dharma

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adharma

adharma - unrighteousness, non-duty, impiety

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of 'dharma'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+dharma)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'abandoned'.

असांप्रतम् (asāṁpratam) - improper, unsuitable, untimely

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of asāṃprata

asāṁprata - improper, unsuitable, not current, untimely

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of 'sāṃprata'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sāṃprata)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• sāṃprata – proper, suitable, timely, current
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying 'adharmam'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negating particle.

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes or explains.

कामात् (kāmāt) - from desire, out of desire

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kāma

kāma - desire, wish, love

Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Denotes cause.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negating particle.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'kāmāt' and 'drohāt'.

द्रोहात् (drohāt) - from malice, out of treachery, from injury

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of droha

droha - malice, treachery, injury, enmity

From root 'druh'

Root: druh (class 4)

Note: Denotes cause.

स्वधर्मम् (svadharmam) - one's own intrinsic nature (one's own natural law, one's own duty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svadharma

svadharma - one's own natural law, one's own duty, intrinsic nature

Tatpuruṣa compound: 'sva' (one's own) + 'dharma' (natural law)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun (masculine)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue, religion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'hātum'.

हातुम् (hātum) - to abandon, to give up

(indeclinable)

infinitive

Infinitive form from root 'hā' (to leave)

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Purpose/infinitive.

अर्हसि (arhasi) - you ought, you are able, you deserve

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the second sentence.