महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-107, verse-20

यथा ब्रूयान्महाप्राज्ञो यथा ब्रूयाद्बहुश्रुतः ।
श्रेयस्कामो यथा ब्रूयादुभयोर्यत्क्षमं भवेत् ॥२०॥

20. yathā brūyānmahāprājño yathā brūyādbahuśrutaḥ ,
śreyaskāmo yathā brūyādubhayoryatkṣamaṁ bhavet.

20. yathā brūyāt mahāprājñaḥ yathā brūyāt bahuśrutaḥ
śreyaskāmaḥ yathā brūyāt ubhayoḥ yat kṣamam bhavet

20. mahāprājñaḥ yathā brūyāt bahuśrutaḥ yathā brūyāt
śreyaskāmaḥ yathā brūyāt ubhayoḥ yat kṣamam bhavet

20. Just as a greatly wise person would speak, just as a very learned person would speak, and just as one desirous of welfare would speak—whatever is beneficial for both parties, that should be expressed.

Words meanings summery:

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would speak (would speak, should speak, may speak)

• महाप्राज्ञः (mahāprājñaḥ) - a greatly wise person (greatly wise, very intelligent)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would speak (would speak, should speak, may speak)

• बहुश्रुतः (bahuśrutaḥ) - a very learned person (much heard, very learned)

• श्रेयस्कामः (śreyaskāmaḥ) - one desirous of welfare (desirous of welfare/benefit)

• यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would speak (would speak, should speak, may speak)

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - for both parties (of both, for both)

• यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that which)

• क्षमम् (kṣamam) - beneficial (beneficial, suitable, capable, fit)

• भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be, would be)

Words meanings and morphology

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would speak (would speak, should speak, may speak)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of brū

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Derived from root 'brū' (or 'vac'), belonging to 2nd class (adadi).

Root: brū (class 2)

महाप्राज्ञः (mahāprājñaḥ) - a greatly wise person (greatly wise, very intelligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahāprājña

mahāprājña - very wise, highly intelligent

Compound of 'mahā' (great) and 'prājña' (wise).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahā+prājña)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (feminine)
• prājña – wise, intelligent, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from 'prajñā' (wisdom) or root 'jñā' with prefix 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Functions as a noun here, referring to 'a wise person'.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would speak (would speak, should speak, may speak)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of brū

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Derived from root 'brū' (or 'vac'), belonging to 2nd class (adadi).

Root: brū (class 2)

बहुश्रुतः (bahuśrutaḥ) - a very learned person (much heard, very learned)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bahuśruta

bahuśruta - much heard, well-read, very learned

Compound of 'bahu' (much) and 'śruta' (heard, learned).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+śruta)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective
• śruta – heard, learned, known (Past Passive Participle of śru)
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'śru' (to hear).
  Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

श्रेयस्कामः (śreyaskāmaḥ) - one desirous of welfare (desirous of welfare/benefit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreyaskāma

śreyaskāma - desirous of good fortune, seeking welfare, benevolent

Compound of 'śreyas' (welfare, prosperity) and 'kāma' (desirous of).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śreyas+kāma)

• śreyas – welfare, good, prosperity, superiority
  noun (neuter)
  Comparative of 'śrī' or 'praśasta'.
• kāma – desire, wish, longing; desirous of (when in compound)
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'kam' (to desire).
  Root: kam (class 1)

Note: Functions as a noun here.

यथा (yathā) - just as (as, just as, according to)

(indeclinable)

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - would speak (would speak, should speak, may speak)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of brū

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Derived from root 'brū' (or 'vac'), belonging to 2nd class (adadi).

Root: brū (class 2)

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - for both parties (of both, for both)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Declines only in dual.

Note: Can be genitive or locative dual. Here, dative 'for both' is implied contextually.

यत् (yat) - whatever (which, whatever, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'kṣamam'.

क्षमम् (kṣamam) - beneficial (beneficial, suitable, capable, fit)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṣama

kṣama - capable, fit, suitable, beneficial, patient, enduring

From root 'kṣam' (to be patient, endure, be capable).

Root: kṣam (class 1)

भवेत् (bhavet) - should be (should be, may be, would be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of bhū

Optative Mood, Parasmaipada, 3rd Person Singular

Derived from root 'bhū', belonging to 1st class.

Root: bhū (class 1)