महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-17, verse-5

किं नु तेन कृतं कर्म तथायुक्तं नरर्षभ ।
यदेकः शिबिरं सर्वमवधीन्नो गुरोः सुतः ॥५॥

5. kiṁ nu tena kṛtaṁ karma tathāyuktaṁ nararṣabha ,
yadekaḥ śibiraṁ sarvamavadhīnno guroḥ sutaḥ.

5. kim nu tena kṛtam karma tathā yuktam nararṣabha
yat ekaḥ śibiram sarvam avadhīt naḥ guroḥ sutaḥ

5. nararṣabha,
kim nu tena tathā yuktam karma kṛtam,
yat naḥ guroḥ sutaḥ ekaḥ sarvam śibiram avadhīt?

5. O chief of men (Krishna), what sort of action did he perform, so terribly effective, that our preceptor's son alone destroyed the entire camp?

Words meanings summery:

• किम् (kim) - what, why, whether

• नु (nu) - indeed, then, now, surely (particle of interrogation or emphasis)

• तेन (tena) - by him (Aśvatthāman) (by him, by that)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

• कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work (karma)

• तथा युक्तम् (tathā yuktam) - so terribly effective, so devastatingly accomplished (so endowed, so effective, so properly connected (often ironic in this context))

• नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O chief of men (Krishna) (O chief of men, O bull among men)

• यत् (yat) - that, which, whereby

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone, one, single

• शिबिरम् (śibiram) - the Pāṇḍava camp (camp)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole

• अवधीत् (avadhīt) - he killed, he destroyed

• नः (naḥ) - our (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's side) (our, of us)

• गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the preceptor (guru) Droṇa (of the preceptor, of the teacher)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son (Aśvatthāman) (son)

Words meanings and morphology

किम् (kim) - what, why, whether

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, why, whether (interrogative pronoun/particle)

Note: Predicate to 'karma'.

नु (nu) - indeed, then, now, surely (particle of interrogation or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by him (Aśvatthāman) (by him, by that)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Agent in the passive construction 'tena kṛtam'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - done, performed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed

Past Passive Participle

From root √kṛ (to do, make) + kta (suffix for PPP)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

कर्म (karma) - deed, action, work (karma)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of karman

karman - deed, action, work, ritual, fate (karma)

तथा युक्तम् (tathā yuktam) - so terribly effective, so devastatingly accomplished (so endowed, so effective, so properly connected (often ironic in this context))

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tathāyukta

tathāyukta - so connected, so endowed, so appointed, so effective, so fitting

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tathā+yukta)

• tathā – thus, so, in that manner
  indeclinable
• yukta – joined, yoked, engaged, proper, fit, effective
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root √yuj (to join, to yōk (yoga)) + kta (suffix for PPP)
  Root: yuj (class 7)

नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - O chief of men (Krishna) (O chief of men, O bull among men)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - chief of men, best among men, bull among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, human
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, excellent one
  noun (masculine)

यत् (yat) - that, which, whereby

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yat

yat - that, which, whereby (relative pronoun/conjunction)

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone, one, single

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, alone, single

शिबिरम् (śibiram) - the Pāṇḍava camp (camp)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śibira

śibira - camp, military encampment

सर्वम् (sarvam) - all, entire, whole

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, complete

अवधीत् (avadhīt) - he killed, he destroyed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of √han

Aorist, 3rd Person Singular

From root √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

नः (naḥ) - our (Dhṛtarāṣṭra's side) (our, of us)

(pronoun)

Genitive, plural of asmad

asmad - we, us

Note: Possessive, refers to Dhṛtarāṣṭra and his family/side.

गुरोः (guroḥ) - of the preceptor (guru) Droṇa (of the preceptor, of the teacher)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of guru

guru - teacher, preceptor, spiritual guide (guru)

Note: Possessive, related to 'sutaḥ'.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son (Aśvatthāman) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born

Past Passive Participle (from √sū 'to generate')

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Subject of 'avadhīt'.