महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-17, verse-4

यस्य द्रोणो महेष्वासो न प्रादादाहवे मुखम् ।
तं जघ्ने रथिनां श्रेष्ठं धृष्टद्युम्नं कथं नु सः ॥४॥

4. yasya droṇo maheṣvāso na prādādāhave mukham ,
taṁ jaghne rathināṁ śreṣṭhaṁ dhṛṣṭadyumnaṁ kathaṁ nu saḥ.

4. yasya droṇaḥ maheṣvāsaḥ na prādāt āhave mukham tam
jaghne rathinām śreṣṭham dhṛṣṭadyumnam katham nu saḥ

4. katham nu saḥ,
yasya maheṣvāsaḥ droṇaḥ āhave mukham na prādāt,
tam rathinām śreṣṭham dhṛṣṭadyumnam jaghne?

4. How then did he (Aśvatthāman) kill Dhṛṣṭadyumna, the foremost among chariot-warriors, whom even Droṇa, the great archer, would not directly confront in battle?

Words meanings summery:

• यस्य (yasya) - for whom (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (whose, for whom, of whom)

• द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

• महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, great bowman

• न (na) - not

• प्रादात् (prādāt) - he faced, he confronted (he gave, he offered)

• आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

• मुखम् (mukham) - face, direct confrontation (face, front, mouth)

• तम् (tam) - him (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (him, that)

• जघ्ने (jaghne) - he killed, he slew

• रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of chariot-warriors

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, chief, foremost

• धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

• नु (nu) - indeed, then, now, surely (particle of interrogation or emphasis)

• सः (saḥ) - he (Aśvatthāman) (he)

Words meanings and morphology

यस्य (yasya) - for whom (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (whose, for whom, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yat

yat - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: 'For whom' or 'regarding whom'.

द्रोणः (droṇaḥ) - Droṇa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of droṇa

droṇa - Droṇa (name of a preceptor and warrior)

महेष्वासः (maheṣvāsaḥ) - great archer, great bowman

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of maheṣvāsa

maheṣvāsa - great archer, great bowman

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+iṣvāsa)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• iṣvāsa – bow, archer
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adjective modifying Droṇa.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

प्रादात् (prādāt) - he faced, he confronted (he gave, he offered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of √dā

Aorist, 3rd Person Singular

From root √dā (to give) with prefix pra- (forth, before)

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

आहवे (āhave) - in battle, in combat

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhava

āhava - battle, combat, war

मुखम् (mukham) - face, direct confrontation (face, front, mouth)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mukha

mukha - face, mouth, front

Note: Object of 'prādāt'.

तम् (tam) - him (Dhṛṣṭadyumna) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of 'jaghne'.

जघ्ने (jaghne) - he killed, he slew

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of √han

Perfect, 3rd Person Singular, Ātmanepada

From root √han (to strike, kill)

Root: han (class 2)

रथिनाम् (rathinām) - of chariot-warriors

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of rathin

rathin - chariot-warrior

Note: Part of a genitive compound 'rathinām śreṣṭham'.

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - best, chief, foremost

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, chief, excellent, foremost

Superlative form of 'praśasya' (excellent)

Note: Modifies Dhṛṣṭadyumna.

धृष्टद्युम्नम् (dhṛṣṭadyumnam) - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna (name of a warrior, son of Drupada, general of the Pāṇḍava army)

कथम् (katham) - how, why, in what manner

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, then, now, surely (particle of interrogation or emphasis)

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (Aśvatthāman) (he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Subject of the verb 'jaghne'.