महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-17, verse-11

हरिकेशस्तथेत्युक्त्वा भूतानां दोषदर्शिवान् ।
दीर्घकालं तपस्तेपे मग्नोऽम्भसि महातपाः ॥११॥

11. harikeśastathetyuktvā bhūtānāṁ doṣadarśivān ,
dīrghakālaṁ tapastepe magno'mbhasi mahātapāḥ.

11. harikeśaḥ tathā iti uktvā bhūtānām doṣadarśīvān
dīrghakālam tapas tepe magnaḥ ambhasi mahātapaḥ

11. harikeśaḥ bhūtānām doṣadarśīvān tathā iti uktvā
ambhasi magnaḥ mahātapaḥ dīrghakālam tapas tepe

11. Having said 'So be it,' Hari Keśa, who perceived the faults of beings, then performed severe penance (tapas) for a long time, submerged in water, he of great austerity.

Words meanings summery:

• हरिकेशः (harikeśaḥ) - The name of the being seen by Brahma in the previous verse. (Hari Keśa (proper name))

• तथा (tathā) - 'So be it' (agreement to Brahma's command) (so, thus, in that way, yes)

• इति (iti) - serves to mark the end of direct speech (thus, so, indicating quoted speech)

• उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

• दोषदर्शीवान् (doṣadarśīvān) - Hari Keśa, who had the characteristic of seeing faults in beings. (one who perceives faults, characterized by seeing faults)

• दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time

• तपस् (tapas) - spiritual austerity (tapas) (penance, austerity, heat)

• तेपे (tepe) - performed penance (tapas) (performed penance, heated oneself)

• मग्नः (magnaḥ) - immersed in water (submerged, drowned, immersed)

• अम्भसि (ambhasi) - in water

• महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - Hari Keśa, who performed great penance (tapas) (of great austerity, great ascetic)

Words meanings and morphology

हरिकेशः (harikeśaḥ) - The name of the being seen by Brahma in the previous verse. (Hari Keśa (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of harikeśa

harikeśa - one with golden hair; name of a deity (often Shiva or a form of the Sun)

Compound `hari` (golden, lion) + `keśa` (hair).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (hari+keśa)

• hari – golden, yellow, tawny; lion; Viṣṇu
  adjective (masculine)
• keśa – hair (of the head)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of `uktvā` and `tepe`.

तथा (tathā) - 'So be it' (agreement to Brahma's command) (so, thus, in that way, yes)

(indeclinable)

Correlative to `yathā`.

Note: Part of the quoted speech.

इति (iti) - serves to mark the end of direct speech (thus, so, indicating quoted speech)

(indeclinable)

उक्त्वा (uktvā) - having said, having spoken

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Ktvā)

From root `vac` (to speak), with irregular formation for `ktvā` ending (strong grade `uvac` becomes `uktva`).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: `uktvā` is the absolutive form of `vac`.

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of beings, of creatures

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - a being, creature, element, past

Past Passive Participle

From root `bhū`.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Genitive indicating possession or relation to `doṣadarśīvān`.

दोषदर्शीवान् (doṣadarśīvān) - Hari Keśa, who had the characteristic of seeing faults in beings. (one who perceives faults, characterized by seeing faults)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of doṣadarśīvat

doṣadarśīvat - characterized by seeing faults, one who possesses the insight into faults

Matup suffix

Formed from `doṣadarśin` + the `vat` suffix (matup) meaning 'possessing'. `doṣadarśin` itself is derived from `doṣa` (fault) and `dṛś` (to see) + `in` (agent suffix).

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Qualifies `harikeśaḥ`.

दीर्घकालम् (dīrghakālam) - for a long time

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīrghakāla

dīrghakāla - a long time, prolonged period

Compound `dīrgha` (long) + `kāla` (time).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (dīrgha+kāla)

• dīrgha – long, lengthy
  adjective
• kāla – time, period
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

तपस् (tapas) - spiritual austerity (tapas) (penance, austerity, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, warmth, pain, suffering, asceticism, penance, austerity (tapas)

From root `tap` (to heat, burn, suffer).

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Object of `tepe`.

तेपे (tepe) - performed penance (tapas) (performed penance, heated oneself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of tap

Perfect tense (Liṭ)

3rd person singular Middle Voice.

Root: tap (class 1)

मग्नः (magnaḥ) - immersed in water (submerged, drowned, immersed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of magna

magna - plunged, immersed, submerged, engrossed

Past Passive Participle

From root `majj` (to sink, plunge). `j` changes to `g` and `j` is dropped before `na`.

Root: majj (class 6)

अम्भसि (ambhasi) - in water

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of ambhas

ambhas - water, fluid

Note: Locative of place.

महातपः (mahātapaḥ) - Hari Keśa, who performed great penance (tapas) (of great austerity, great ascetic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahātapas

mahātapas - great asceticism, severe penance, one who performs great penance

Compound `mahā` (great) + `tapas` (austerity).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (mahā+tapas)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• tapas – austerity, penance (tapas)
  noun (neuter)