महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-17, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
हतेषु सर्वसैन्येषु सौप्तिके तै रथैस्त्रिभिः ।
शोचन्युधिष्ठिरो राजा दाशार्हमिदमब्रवीत् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
hateṣu sarvasainyeṣu sauptike tai rathaistribhiḥ ,
śocanyudhiṣṭhiro rājā dāśārhamidamabravīt.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca hateṣu sarva-sainyeṣu sauptike taiḥ
rathaiḥ tribhiḥ śocan yudhiṣṭhiraḥ rājā dāśārham idam abravīt

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca sauptike taiḥ tribhiḥ rathaiḥ sarva-sainyeṣu
hateṣu śocan rājā yudhiṣṭhiraḥ dāśārham idam abravīt

1. Vaiśampāyana said: When all the armies had been killed in the night attack (sauptika) by those three charioteers, King Yudhishthira, grieving, spoke this to Kṛṣṇa (Dāśārha).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (the sage who narrates the Mahābhārata) (Vaiśampāyana)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• हतेषु (hateṣu) - killed (having been killed, destroyed, slain)

• सर्व-सैन्येषु (sarva-sainyeṣu) - in all the armies, among all the armies

• सौप्तिके (sauptike) - in the night attack (referring to the event described in the Sauptika Parva of the Mahābhārata) (relating to sleep, in the night attack)

• तैः (taiḥ) - by those

• रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by the charioteers (referring to the three warriors who conducted the night attack) (by chariots, by charioteers)

• त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by the three (charioteers) (by three)

• शोचन् (śocan) - grieving, lamenting, mourning

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava); steady in battle

• राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

• दाशार्हम् (dāśārham) - Kṛṣṇa (Kṛṣṇa (descendant of Dāśārha); worthy of gifts)

• इदम् (idam) - this (speech) (this, this (thing))

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - Vaiśampāyana (the sage who narrates the Mahābhārata) (Vaiśampāyana)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

perfect tense, 3rd person singular

Perfect active, root vac, with irregular reduplication and stem vowel change.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: From root vac.

हतेषु (hateṣu) - killed (having been killed, destroyed, slain)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, destroyed

past passive participle

Past passive participle of root han (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Locative plural masculine, agreeing with sarvasainyeṣu. Part of a locative absolute construction.

सर्व-सैन्येषु (sarva-sainyeṣu) - in all the armies, among all the armies

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - all armies, the entire army

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• sainya – army, host of soldiers
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from senā (army).

Note: Locative plural neuter. Part of a locative absolute construction.

सौप्तिके (sauptike) - in the night attack (referring to the event described in the Sauptika Parva of the Mahābhārata) (relating to sleep, in the night attack)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of sauptika

sauptika - relating to sleep; pertaining to the night attack (Sauptika Parva)

Derived from supta (slept). Refers to the massacre of the Pāṇḍava army while they were sleeping.

Note: Locative singular.

तैः (taiḥ) - by those

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Instrumental plural masculine of tad, referring to the three charioteers (Aśvatthāman, Kṛpa, Kṛtavarman).

रथैः (rathaiḥ) - by the charioteers (referring to the three warriors who conducted the night attack) (by chariots, by charioteers)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of ratha

ratha - chariot, car; charioteer (figuratively)

Note: Instrumental plural of ratha.

त्रिभिः (tribhiḥ) - by the three (charioteers) (by three)

(numeral)

Note: Instrumental plural, agreeing with taiḥ rathaiḥ.

शोचन् (śocan) - grieving, lamenting, mourning

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śocat

śocat - grieving, sorrowing, lamenting

present active participle

Present active participle of root śuc (to grieve). Nominative singular masculine.

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Present active participle, nominative singular masculine, agreeing with Yudhishthiraḥ.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhishthira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava); steady in battle

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhishthira (name); steady in battle

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  noun (feminine)
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Nominative singular of yudhiṣṭhira.

राजा (rājā) - king, ruler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Nominative singular of rājan.

दाशार्हम् (dāśārham) - Kṛṣṇa (Kṛṣṇa (descendant of Dāśārha); worthy of gifts)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dāśārha

dāśārha - Kṛṣṇa (descendant of Dāśārha); worthy of gifts, deserving

Note: Accusative singular of dāśārha.

इदम् (idam) - this (speech) (this, this (thing))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this (thing), this (speech)

Note: Accusative singular neuter of idam.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

imperfect tense, 3rd person singular

Imperfect active, root brū (2nd class).

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: From root brū.